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The student in my class who inspired this research is not an EL. His native language is English, and he has attended an English speaking school since Kindergarten. He cannot read sentences, words, or even sound out letters properly. He has an IEP and attends RSP group every day, but does not have any diagnosed learning disorder. He understands material and can comprehend worksheets and tests when read to him. He just simply cannot read, and I am extremely curious as to what he's dealing with.

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Illiteracy by definition is the inability to read or write. This can come from language barriers, lack of help at home, lack of early intervention, and learning disabilities. There are 4 different levels of literacy, not including illiterate.

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When Older Students Can't Read | LD Topics | LD OnLine

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Both students and educators become frustrated when students beyond 3rd grade display reading difficulties. These research-based reading strategies can build a foundation for reading success in students of all ages.

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1. Preliterate: Students speak a language whose written form is rare or does not exist.
2. Non-literate: Students speak a language that has a written form, but have not learned to read or write it themselves.
3. Semi-literate: Students are able to read and write at an Elementary level up to grade 4 and have some formal education.
4. Literate in a non-Roman alphabet: Students are functionally literate in their native language, but are not literate in the Roman alphabet.

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Link #2
Similar to Learning Chocolate, Language Guide provides learning exercises catered to help students that are struggling to read. This is an excellent resource for parents if they want to expand their child's education at home.

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Explore the world of English vocabulary in a sound integrated guide. Touch or place your cursor over an object, word, or phrase to hear it pronounced aloud. Prove your vocabulary mastery by completing challenges. Learn More

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Explore the world of English vocabulary in a sound integrated guide. Touch or place your cursor over an object, word, or phrase to hear it pronounced aloud. Prove your vocabulary mastery by completing challenges.

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Link #1
Learning Chocolate is a learning website for emergent reader students. This site has hundreds of games that help students learn letter sounds, graphemes, morphemes, syllable patterns, and eventually, whole words.

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Consonant Sounds - s | Learning Chocolate

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This is a game for learning vocabulary words including sea, six, sad, saw, socks, sun, sky, snake, slide, /s/, sack, sink, soup, soap. Enjoy learning.

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Examples of specific ways that we can help illiterate students:
-Be PATIENT!
-Read tests/worksheets aloud until students begin to grasp syllable patterns
-Give the student extra time to work on assignments, because of the time it takes them to decipher directions and questions
-Have students follow along with finger in their books while someone reads it aloud
-Give students access to texts, even if they cannot yet decipher them
-Pass out papers to the student so they get the same treatment as everyone else, so he
-Older students who have yet to learn to read will be discouraged to start such an Elementary practice. Do not let them get discouraged, and make the process engaging for them

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Link #3
Project Literacy provides information on what illiteracy is, with countless resources, how we can fight illiteracy, and how to get involved as a parent or educator.

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Bringing the power of words to the world

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http://www.learningchocolate.com/content/consonant-sounds-s

http://www.languageguide.org/english/vocabulary/

https://ebookfriendly.com/23-of-america-is-illiterate-infographic/

https://speakingbooks.com/impact/

https://www.projectliteracy.com/