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The violence at Fort Scott, Kansas, led the governor to call for a peace convention on June 15, 1858. For one of their first acts they passed a slave code that provided fines and imprisonment for expressing opinions against slavery, and for assisting slaves to escape people would be sentence to the death penalty. They also legalized the "border ruffian" vote by not requiring voters to be residents in Kansas prior to voting.

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1,700 men who were pro slavery went from Missouri to Kansas to vote for the pro slavery representative. They harassed and threatened to shoot anybody who opposed slavery.

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The votes of the Border Ruffians were later ruled as fraudulent, the following March, it was time to elect a territorial legislature. Around 5,000 men came into the state from Missouri to cast illegal ballots. Anti-slavery settlers, though the majority in Kansas, were outvoted. The result of the election through fraud was a legislature with 36 pro-slavery delegates and 3 anti-slavery delegates.

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Refused to step in

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Pro-slavery activists, led by Douglas County Sheriff Jones, attacked and ransacked Lawrence, Kansas. This town was founded by anti-slavery settlers from Massachusetts who were hoping to make Kansas a free state.

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Anti-slavery preacher who remarked that a rifle might be a more powerful moral agent on the Kansas plains than a bible. Inspired the name for the rifles used called "Beecher Bibles"

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John Brown, an abolitionist who opposed of pro-slave states, had settled in Kansas in 1856 to fight a war against slave owners and those who stood for slavery. After there were almost no casualties at the Sack of Lawrence, Brown wanted to seek revenge and "strike terror in the hearts of the pro-slavery people". John Brown believed that pro-slavery people deserved more than just one accidental death after the Sack of Lawrence, and believed that their only fate would be death.