# data[].attributes.body
There are 4 stages of kidney cancer.

Stage One:
The tumor is confined within the kidney. it is about 6 cm. 81% of people survive this stage of kidney cancer for more than 5 years.

Stage Two:
The tumor is more than 7 cm and begins to invade surrounding tissues. 74% of people survive this stage for more than 5 years.

Stage Three:
The tumor begins to invade either the renal vein orthe inferior vena cava, allowing the cancer to metastasize. 53% of people survive this stage for more than 5 years.

Stage Four:
The malignant tumor invades other organs. 8% of people survive this stage for more than 5 years .

# data[].attributes.body
A Guide to Kidney Cancer. (2017, February 1). Retrieved December 5, 2018, from https://www.kidneycancercanada.ca/for-patients-and-caregivers/a-guide-to-kidney-cancer/

# data[].attributes.body
Key Statistics About Kidney Cancer. (n.d.). Retrieved from https://www.cancer.org/cancer/kidney-cancer/about/key-statistics.html

# data[].attributes.body
Kidney Cancer Causes: 11 Factors Putting You at Risk. (2017, March 02). Retrieved from https://thetruthaboutcancer.com/kidney-cancer-causes/

# data[].attributes.body
Kidney cancer is a type of cancer that begins to form in the kidneys. Most types form in the kidney's lining tubes.

- Kidney cancer is commonly referred to as renal cell carcinoma.

- Cancer is caused a mutation in the DNA of kidney cells. The mutation causes the uncontrolled division of cells, which forms a tumor.

# data[].attributes.body
Kidney Cancer Diet: The Role of Diet in Treatment of Kidney Cancer - Part 2. (2018, December 06). Retrieved from https://cancer.newlifeoutlook.com/kidney-cancer-diet/2/

# data[].attributes.body
Kidney Cancer Symptoms, Diagnosis, and Treatment. (n.d.). Retrieved December 5, 2018, from https://www.webmd.com/cancer/understanding-kidney-cancer#1

# data[].attributes.body
Kidney cancer can be sorted into three common forms based on their appearance under a microscope. The most common types are clear cell, papillary and chromophobe.

Clear cell kidney cancer is the most common form. This type accounts for about 75 to 80% kidney cancers. This type also appears clear when under a microscope.

Papillary kidney cancer accounts for about 10 to 15% of kidney cancers. This type is the second most common form.

Chromophobe kidney cancer only accounts for approximately 5% of kidney cancers. Chromophobe kidney cancer usually remains within the kidneys, rather than to spread to the rest of the body.

# data[].attributes.body
Kidney cancer is one of the most common types of cancer. It is one of the top 10 most common in men and women.

# data[].attributes.body
Lerche, O. (2017, June 23). High blood pressure - condition could be linked to THESE deadly cancers. Retrieved from https://www.express.co.uk/life-style/health/820515/high-blood-pressure-link-kidney-lung-bowel-cancer

# data[].attributes.headline
Diagram Renal Cell Carcinoma (Kidney Cancer)

# data[].attributes.subject
Diagram Renal Cell Carcinoma (Kidney Cancer)

# data[].attributes.body
Rosenbaum, E. H., M.D, Dollinger, M., M.D, & Ko, A. H., M.D. (2008). Everyone's Guide to Cancer Therapy (Fifth ed.). Kansas City, Kansas: Andrews McMeel Publishing.

# data[].attributes.body
Kidney cancer is influenced by many factors such as tobacco use, high blood pressure, obesity and hereditary genetic disorders.

Tobacco use is a risk factor of kidney cancer because it affects the respiratory system. If blood is unable to exchange oxygen and carbon dioxide, cells will not receive enough oxygen to function properly. Also, multiple genetic mutations have been found in people who have a high exposure to tobacco.

High blood pressure has been proven to be linked to kidney cancer. Studies have shown that high blood pressure increases the chance of developing kidney cancer by 20%.

Obesity is a risk factor of kidney cancer because of its association with high blood pressure.

Many genetic health conditions increase the risk of developing kidney cancer.  Some of these health conditions include  hereditary papillary renal carcinoma and tuberous sclerosis complex. These conditions are inherited through mutations in genes. Hereditary genetic disorders are only responsible for about 3% to 8% of kidney cancers.

# data[].attributes.body
What effect does cigarette smoking have on your kidneys? | Kidney Disease. (n.d.). Retrieved from https://www.sharecare.com/health/kidney-disease/what-effect-cigarette-smoking-kidneys

# data[].attributes.body
The most common sign of kidney cancer is blood in urine. This symptom is apparent in almost 65% of kidney cancer patients.

Another common symptom is abdominal pain. This symptom is found in approximately 40% of kidney cancer patients.

Other common symptoms include unexplained weight loss, high blood pressure, anemia (the lack of red blood cells) and polycythemia (the over abundance of red blood cells).

# data[].attributes.headline
What Affects Kidney Cancer in the Environment?

# data[].attributes.subject
What Affects Kidney Cancer in the Environment?

# data[].attributes.body
Smoking is known to cause kidney cancer. It leads to a 20 to 50% increase in risk. Second hand smoke can also cause kidney cancer. Cigarettes contain many chemicals that are carcinogens.

High exposure to certain chemicals within homes can cause kidney cancer. For example, Trichloroethylene, a chemical found in household cleaning items such as rug cleaners, can cause cell mutations in the kidneys and other parts of the body.

Physical activity can prevent kidney cancer because it reduces stress and helps to improve health. Lack of physical activity results in increased body weight or obesity and high blood pressure. Both obesity and high blood pressure are risk factors of kidney cancer.

# data[].attributes.headline
Do Diets Have an Effect on Kidney Cancer?

# data[].attributes.subject
Do Diets Have an Effect on Kidney Cancer?

# data[].attributes.body
Diet has a substantial impact on kidney cancer. It can have a positive effect if healthy foods are consumed. But, unhealthy diets can also increase the risks.

Research has found that substances in many fried foods increase the risks of kidney cancer. For example,  acrylamide is a chemical found in many fast foods and is known to cause tumors.

Eating foods that are high in antioxidants and vitamins helps to prevent kidney cancer.
These foods include:

- Apples-  contain antioxidants
- Fish- contain omega-3 fatty acids    and aids in lowering blood                  pressure
- Kale-  contains vitamin A and C.
- Strawberries- contains lager               amounts of antioxidants

# data[].attributes.body
There are many medical treatments for kidney cancer that are effective. these include surgery, embolization, radiation and Immuno-Oncology.

Surgery is performed on kidney cancer patients with small tumors that are less than 6 cm. During the surgery, the tumor and some surrounding tissue are removed. This type of surgery is called a partial nephrectomy.

Embolization is a treatment used to block the blood supply to the tumor. Usually, this treatment is before a surgery to reduce bleeding.

Radiation therapy is used to slow down or prevent the kidney cancer from metastasizing to other parts of the body.

Immuno-Oncology is a treatment that helps the body's immune system recognize and attack cancerous cells. This treatment is often used after the kidney cancer has metastasized to other parts of the body.

# data[].attributes.body
Kidney cancer is mostly found in people who are over 45 years old. The risk increases significantly after the age of 60. The average age for kidney cancer to be diagnosis is 64.

Kidney cancer is uncommon in people under the age of 45.
But, in some cases, children can develop a type of kidney cancer called Wilms tumor. This type of cancer is usually found in children who are between 9 and 10 years old.

# data[].attributes.body
Gender does have an influence on kidney cancer. Males are twice as likely as females to develop a form of kidney cancer. By the end of 2018, it is estimated that about 42,600 cases of kidney cancer will have occurred in men and about 22,600 cases will have occurred in women in the United States.

# data[].attributes.body
Kidney cancer can be diagnosed by using a variety of tests. These tests include urine tests, blood tests, intravenous pyelograms and ultrasounds.

During urine tests, doctors check for blood and other abnormalities that could be related to kidney cancer.

Blood tests check the red and white blood cell count. Patients who have kidney cancer often have anemia or polycythemia.

An intravenous pyelogram involves injecting a dye that travels into the urinary tract. Then, an x-ray is used to find any tumors in the kidneys that are highlighted by the dye.

During an ultrasound, sound waves are used to create images of the kidneys. By doing this, tumors can be identified.

# data[].attributes.body
Kidney cancer can be detected in the early stages, before the cancer metastasizes or becomes malignant. In many cases, the cancer is not detected at an early stage. This is because some small kidney tumors cannot felt or identified during a regular physical exam.

In order to detect kidney cancer quickly, regular urine tests should be done. The doctor should also be informed of any family members who have had kidney cancer. This is because the cancer may be a hereditary genetic disorder.

# data[].attributes.body
It was estimated that about 14,970 people will have died from kidney cancer by the end of 2018.