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Reading Rockets (2018, October 2). Classroom Strategies. retrieved from http://www.readingrockets.org/strategies.

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Explanation- students will read along with a tape recorded version of the story and eventually become fluent enough with the story that the no longer need the audio version.
Advantages- is a fun unique way for student to enjoy reading
-improves sight word recognition amongst studnets
Disadvantages- students who are hearing impaired can not participate
-if listening on an iPad, it could be very easy for students to get off task and onto other apps

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Armbruster,B., Lehr, F., & Osborn, J. (2001). Put Reading First: The Research Building Blocks for Teaching Children to Read. Center for the Improvement of Early Reading Achievement (CIERA). http://www.nifl.gov/partnershipforreading/publications/reading_first1fluency.html

Koskinen, P. S., Blum, I. H., Bisson, S. A., Phillips, S. M., Creamer, T. S., & Baker, T. K. (1999). Shared reading, books, and audiotapes: Supporting diverse students in school and at home. The Reading Teacher, 52, 430-444.

Texas Reading Initiative. (2007). Fluency: Instructional Guidelines and Student Activities.

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Audio-assisted reading is an individual or group reading activity where students read along in their books as they hear a fluent reader read the book on an audio recording (audiotape, audiobook, or mobile device). As confidence and reading skills develop, students read the same passage or text without the assistance of the audio recording.

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Explanation- reader’s theater helps build fluency amongst readers. It is similar to a play, but students do not need to memorize their line, they just need to know their part and be able to pronounce it fluently.
Advantages- a fun way for students to really get involved and work on their prosody
-it builds confidence amongst the students
Disadvantages- some students may be shy and get anxiety about participating or never participate
-students might not fully understand the play but only be paying attention to their part and when to speak

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Reader’s theater is a strategy for developing reading fluency. It involves children in oral reading through reading parts in scripts. In using this strategy, students do not need to memorize their part; they need only to reread it several times, thus developing their fluency skills. The best reader’…

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Explanation- students will be partnered up and take turns reading paragraphs. Each person will read a paragraph and then summarize it into the main point in ten words or less. The partner will then check over and give assistance if needed.
Advantages- students get the social interaction working with a partner
- helps students comprehend the paragraph and work on pulling out the main points
Disadvantages- since it is partner work, the students could easily get off task and not complete their work
- setting a specific word limit can be distracting to the students and they might end up with not the best summary because they are too worried about keeping it in that specific amount of words.

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Fuchs, D., Fuchs, L., & Burish, P. (2000). Peer-Assisted Learning Strategies: An Evidence-Based Practice to Promote Reading Achievement. Learning Disabilities Research and Practice, 15(2), 85-91.

Fuchs, L., Fuchs, D., & Kazdan, S. (1999). Effects of peer-assisted learning strategies on high school students with serious reading problems. Remedial and Special Education, 20(5), 309-318.

Saenz, L., Fuchs, L., & Fuchs, D. (2005) Peer-Assisted Learning Strategies for English Language Learners with Learning Disabilities. Exceptional Children, (71).

Vanderbilt Kennedy Center for Research on Human Development. (n.d.). Peer-Assisted Learning Strategies. Retrieved 2008, January 21, from http://kc.vanderbilt.edu/pals/

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Paragraph shrinking is an activity developed as part of the Peer-Assisted Learning Strategies (PALS). The paragraph shrinking strategy allows each student to take turns reading, pausing, and summarizing the main points of each paragraph. Students provide each other with feedback as a way to monitor comprehension.

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Explanation- each student will start in their “home group” in that group each student will be given a number 1-4. The students will then split into their number groups. In their new groups they will learn a new topic and become “masters” at it. They will then return to their home group and everyone will then teach eachother about their new topic.
Advantages- helps with social skills and cooaperative learning amongst students
-topics get taught in ways that students understand since a student is teaching it to them.
Disadvantages- easy for students to get off task and just talk in their group without constant supervision
-a student could not understand the topic correctly and teach it to their “home group” wrong.

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Jigsaw | Classroom Strategy | Reading Rockets

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Jigsaw is a cooperative learning strategy that enables each student of a "home" group to specialize in one aspect of a topic (for example, one group studies habitats of rainforest animals, another group studies predators of rainforest animals).

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Explanation- a story map is a graphic organizer used during reading or after reading. The purpose is to map out the beginning, middle, and end of a story and make those parts obvious to a reader.
Advantages- helps students identify the parts of a story better (the framework)
-helps student comprehend and understand the story on a deeper level
Disadvantages- details are not usually included in this graphic organizer so the details could be forgotten
-in some books there is not a very clear beginning, middle, and end and in that case this organizer could not be used or it could be very confusing to a student

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Story Maps | Classroom Strategy | Reading Rockets

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Story maps use graphic organizers to help students learn the elements of a book or story. The most basic story maps focus on the beginning, middle, and end of the story. More advanced organizers focus more on plot or character traits.

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Explanation- used to improve phonological awareness of individual sounds within a word. To do this activity, there will be boxes and the student will be given a word. The student must segment the word into each individual sound and place each sound in a different box.
Advantages- helps children become aware of the phonemes within each word
-helps students with comprehending the alphabetic principle
Disadvantages- it can be easy for students to mess up the sounds and use the syllables in the word instead
-students must fully know how to spell the word and understand the meaning of phonemes before this activity could be beneficial

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Elkonin Boxes | Classroom Strategies | Reading Rockets

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explanation- this is a chart used during writing to form a paragraph. There is a place for a topic sentence, detail sentences, and closing sentences.
advantages- it helps students organize their thoughts when writing.
-it clearly outlines the expectations of a paragraph.
disadvantages- does not help writers who are experiencing writers block or help with creativity.
-this could produce unoriginal paragraphs and if writing multiple paragraphs for a story using this chart, a lot of the paragraphs could sound very similar

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The “paragraph hamburger” is a writing organizer that visually outlines the key components of a paragraph. Topic sentence, detail sentences, and a closing sentence are the main elements of a good paragraph, and each one forms a different “piece” of the hamburger.

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explanation- this is a writing strategy that helps students understand the roles of a writer. R stands for role of the writer (who or what you are as a writer) A stands for audience (who you are writing for) F stands for the format you are writing as (what type of piece you are writing) and T stands for topic (what the topic of the piece you are writing is)
advantages-helps students with discovering different viewpoints as a writer
-helps students with working on different writing skills
disadvantages- there are many other writing skills that are not listed in the template
-does not help with creativity in writing more so just the basic skills

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RAFT | Classroom Strategy | Reading Rockets

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RAFT is a writing strategy that helps students understand their roles as writers, the audience they will address, the varied formats for writing, and the topic they'll be writing about. By using this strategy, teachers encourage students to write creatively, to consider a topic from a different perspective, and to gain practice writing for different audiences.

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explanation- list-group-label is a technique used to help students with their categorizing, labeling, and vocabulary skills. The teacher will select a main concept, the students will form a list of words about that concept, and then the students will create sub-groups from the list. Lastly, the students will label these sub groups.
advantages- this can help build on students prior knowledge of a subject
-students must use their critical thinking skills to create these sub groups and label them
disadvantages- students could use extremely abstract grouping that does not make sense
-if students do not have a lot of prior knowledge about the list of words, the activity could be extremely hard and not be beneficial

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List-Group-Label | Classroom Strategy | Reading Rockets

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List-group-label is a form of semantic mapping. The strategy encourages students to improve their vocabulary and categorization skills and learn to organize concepts. Categorizing listed words, through grouping and labeling, helps students organize new concepts in relation to previously learned concepts.

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explanation- a word hunt is used during reading to search for similar patterns in words and help with spelling. This can help students make a connection with reading and writing words. An example would be to read a page of a book and find words that all have the same endings. This can be used in multiple subjects.
advantages- it helps improve student's vocabulary
-it helps students be able to pick certain out certain words and differentiate them from the other words
-it helps students understand words when placed in different contexts
disadvantages- students might not throughly read the prompt and just skim through to find the certain words
-while focusing on a single word or pattern, many other words and patterns are not being acknowledged in the article

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Words hunts are a great tool for teachers to use to help students connect spelling and reading words. Also, teachers can use word hunts when integrating a thematic unit. Furthermore, word hunts can be used to categorize words together.