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- Theorized electrons existed in "energy levels"

- Electrons jump up a level when atom receives energy

- Fall down a level when atom loses energy

- Received Nobel Prize in 1922

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- Everything is made of atoms

- Atoms are the smallest indivisible units of matter (too small to see)

- Atoms have different shapes and sizes, so they have different properties

- Atoms are constantly in motion, are solid, and can't be destroyed

- Lived 460 BC to 370 BC

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- Different elements (kind of atoms) have different weights

- Atoms can't be created or destroyed

- Atoms form molecules in specific ratios

- All atoms of the same element have the same size and weight

- Atoms of different elements have different sizes and weights

- Published book on theory in 180

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In the 1890s, J.J. Thomson estimated the magnitude of a tiny particle related to the atom through experiments with charged particles, that was previously introduced as a transmitter of electricity. In 1897, he illustrated how cathode rays consist of particles, or electrons, that conduct electricity. Also, he concluded that these electrons are part of atoms.

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Ernest Rutherford was awarded the Nobel Prize 1908 for his investigations in the chemistry of radioactive substances and the disintegration of elements.

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In 1911, Marie Curie was awarded a Nobel prize in an advancement in Chemistry for her discovery of elements Radium and Polonium, by studying the nature of and isolating Radium.

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A strong, penetrating radiation was emitted when scientists Herbert Becker and Walter Bothe directed helium nuclei at beryllium in 1930. Many thought that this was high-energy electromagnetic radiation, but Chadwick was awarded the Nobel prize for proving that it consisted of a neutral particle, or a "neutron."