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Egested waste is process of releasing energy/calories from food.

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Biomass is the growth of an organism. Biomass is an important part of Food conversion in a herbivore.

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These sites gives supporting information for the ideas discussed here, but it also covers different types of ecosystems and other cycles. https://www.learner.org/courses/envsci/unit/text.php?unit=4&secNum=3

http://w3.marietta.edu/~biol/102/ecosystem.html

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This video will explain how nutrients travel throughout the abiotic and biotic spheres of Earth.

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Colors of boxes represent different types of information
Green = Definitions and other information
Blue = Information from other sources
Yellow = Models
Purple = Guide info

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It is important to note that the nutrient cycle contribute to the nitrogen cycle, and more specifically explored in this model, the carbon cycle.

The carbon cycle is the cause of carbon being released in the process of cellular respiration and combustion (these processes occur in all stages of energy flow). The other processes that use the carbon from the atmosphere is photosynthesis and diffusion. Many other processes lead to the presence of carbon in the atmosphere. This is both good and bad, but without proper awareness and caution of the amounts of carbon there is, more carbon can lead to bigger and more negative effects.

https://biologywise.com/carbon-cycle-diagram

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The energy efficiency model shows how worms spend their energy they obtain. The worms spend their energy in multiple way, but the main ones include biomass increase (total mass of an organism increasing), egested waste (the process of discharging waste), and cellular respiration (the release of cellular energy, which takes in molecular oxygen and releases carbon dioxide).

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Heat is part of the process of taking away energy from the organisms eating the organism.

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Cellular respiration is when organisms release CO2 into the atmosphere.

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The ecological energy pyramid shows how energy flows through the ecosystem in percents. Only 10% of the energy produced by the producers is obtained by the primary consumers. Following that, 10% of the 10% (which would be 1%) is obtained by the secondary consumers. Basically, 10% of the energy gathered by the previously consumed organism is actually obtained.

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Example Food Web in Various Freshwater Ecosystems

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Example Food Web in Various Freshwater Ecosystems

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The food web shows the roles in the ecosystem, and how plants and animals are connected.

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The energy and nutrients consumed by previous organisms are then obtained by the bear, who also is a consumer.

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Worms are detritivores, meaning that they consume detritus. In this example, they consume the dead leaf particles that contain nutrients from trees which was produced though photosynthesis from the sun.

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Energy from the sun is used in the process of photosynthesis, which converts the suns energy into food for the trees.

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Primary productivity is plants and other photosynthetic organisms (such as the trees which were stated previously) that produce organic compounds in an ecosystem.

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Photosynthesis is a  process in which the plants create energy from the rays of the sun.

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Fungi and bacteria are the final decomposers in the fresh water environment. Enzymes are released to decay the dead organisms (the bear). The fungus absorbs nutrients transferred through the chain of consumption/energy and any left over nutrients are absorbed by the tree roots.

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The fish that consume the worms are called consumers (obtains food by feeding on other organisms). The energy and nutrients gathered by the worms are consumed and energy is obtained by the fish.

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Detritus is made up of decaying plants that carry nutrients that are food for the organisms in these fresh water rivers. The detritus is then consumed by worms.

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In this Padlet, the ecosystem being explored is a fresh water ecosystem, with oak tree dropping leaves, which decompose, leaving detritus, then consumed by worms, followed by fish, and finally a bear, which dies and is decomposed by fungus. The remaining energy is then is absorbed through the trees roots.
In case you are an audio learner, there are small recording clips near most boxes.

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The trees is an organism that produces energy through photosynthesis, which is a process where an organism produces energy and nutrients from the sun. The trees then drop leaves filled with nutrients on the ground.