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Make sure the task is best performed by a group and that it is relevant for the learner. Make sure there is a healthy balance between structure (clarity of task) and learner autonomy (flexibility of task).

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The learners need sufficient time for collaborative learning activities, otherwise quality will be poor and deep learning will not occur.
Also it takes time for learners to get to know each other and feel secure in the group (establish community) which is necessary to fully participate in collaborative learning.

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A tool which can be used to achieve collaborative learning. Use Socrative before the lesson (as homework) or during the lesson as a real time quiz. Instead of hearing the answer from one student, find out what everyone has answered for a better understanding of where EVERYONE is at and as a stepping stone for further discussions.

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Login or sign up for free on Socrative - your assessment partner for real-time assessments and instant insights.

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An app to record short comments and collect them in one place. Participants record themselves and the recordings go to a platform.

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Specific Pedagogical benefits of collaborative learning

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Specific Pedagogical benefits of collaborative learning

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- development of critical thinking skills
- co-creation of knowledge and meaning
- Different learning styles and cultures can be accommodated more easily because diversity is valued in collaborative learning
- skills acquired from collaborative learning are transferable to team-based work enviroments

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Some research has shown that grading the outcome of the collaborative task is an incentive for learners to participate actively. However, other research shows no significant difference in the level of participation when collborative work is graded or not and suggests other means of motivating learners

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Advantages and Disadvantages of an Online Learning Network (Oddone, K.)

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Advantages and Disadvantages of an Online Learning Network (Oddone, K.)

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Advantages:
- capacity to meet egocentric needs
- Source of innovation

Disadvantages:
- Potential for overwhelming amounts of info (a successful learner is one who can find what he she needs in vast amounts of information and who is good at connecting with others)
- Find signal in the noise
- Ambiguity

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The notion of a community of practice is premised on a social theory of learning proposed by Wenger (1998) that views learning as social participation in the practices of a social community and the constructing of identities in relation to these communities (p. 4-5). Communities of practice are groups of people who share a concern, a set of problems, or a passion about a topic, and who deepen their knowledge and expertise in this area by interacting on an ongoing basis(Wenger et al., 2002, p. 4). Communities of practice are ubiquitous and individuals are often members of many communities of practice. Through thoughtful attention to creating learning environments that value and support learning, these authors believe communities of practice can be cultivated.

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The notion of a community of practice is premised on a social theory of learning proposed by Wenger (1998) that views learning as social participation in the practices of a social community and the constructing of identities in relation to these communities (p. 4-5). Communities of practice are groups of people who share a concern, a set of problems, or a passion about a topic, and who deepen their knowledge and expertise in this area by interacting on an ongoing basis(Wenger et al., 2002, p. 4). Communities of practice are ubiquitous and individuals are often members of many communities of practice. Through thoughtful attention to creating learning environments that value and support learning, these authors believe communities of practice can be cultivated.

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CAKI Center for Anvendt Kunstnerisk Innovation

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Oxford Centre for Staff and Learning Development

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Dr Etienne Wenger: Learning in landscapes of practice

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Dr Etienne Wenger presented 'Learning in landscapes of practice: recent developments in social learning theory' on Wednesday 1 May 2013 as part of the Festival of Research in the Brighton Fringe. Learning is often viewed as something individuals do as they acquire information and skills. It is usually associated with some form of instruction.

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* Culture of Trust
* Respect for Self, Others and Surroundings
* Challenge and Support
* Experiential Learning Approach
* Love for Learning

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Energizing Your People to Achieve Good Things

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Energizing Your People to Achieve Good Things

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Every team member is different, and will likely have different motivators. So, it's important to get to know your people, discover what motivates them, and find a good mixture of extrinsic and intrinsic motivators, so that you can motivate them successfully.

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Many recent studies have found that collaboration is a key factor in a company’s success. And while any form of teamwork can improve quality and speed, organized workplace collaboration will heightenour overall productivity even more. Williams (2013) stated that the goal of workplace collaboration is to increase success by fostering open communication among all team members across all departments and management levels. On educational perspective, Lecturers, teachers and facilitators must devise strategies that will make students work together and toward common goal.
Williams. P. (2013) Benefits of workplace collaboration. Available from: https://www.smartsheet.com/how-workplace-collaboration-accessed on 10 November 2018

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Disadvantages and Advantages of online collaboration 

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Disadvantages and Advantages of online collaboration 

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The expansive nature of the Internet and the accessibility of technology have generated a surge in the demand for online collaboration (Chaney, 2010). However Chaney (2010) argued that online collaboration in academia is a rapidly expanding environment which allows users the flexibility of operating outside of the constraints of time and place.

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Motivating effective  collaborative learning groups

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Motivating effective  collaborative learning groups

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Create a pre-test and post-test. A good way to ensure the group learns together would be to engage in pre and post test. Actually many researchers use this learning method to see if groups are learning. A assessment gives the team a goal to work towards and ensures learning is a priority. I t also allows instructors to gauge the effectiveness of the group. Challenges can be made if differences are seen in the assessment time.

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Although there has been a wide range of researchers and educators engaged in the area of online collaborative learning and communities of inquiry, there is a high degree of convergence and agreement about successful strategies and design principles. For academic and conceptual development, discussions need to be well organized by the instructor, and he/she needs to provide the necessary support to enable the development of ideas and the construction of new knowledge for the students.

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Principles for a successful online collaboration 

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Principles for a successful online collaboration 

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* Use of appropriate technology such as software that allows threaded discussion
* Clear guideline on students behavior such as well written codes of conducts
* Students orientation and and preparation
* There should be a clear goal(s)
* Choice of appropriate topic
*  Setting an appropriate tone or requirements for discussion i.e respectful disagreement, evidence-based arguments
* Clear definition of learners roles and expectations
* Monitoring the participation of individual learners and responding accordingly
* Regular, ongoing instructor presence for monitoring
https://opentextbc.ca/teachinginadigitalage/chapter/6-5-online-collaborative-learning/

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Strengths and weaknesses of online collaborative learning

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Strengths and weaknesses of online collaborative learning

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* Online collaborative learning can lead to deep, academic learning, or transformative learning.
* Directly support the development of a range of high level intellectual skills, such as critical thinking, analytical thinking, synthesis, and evaluation, which are key requirements for learners in a digital age.

However one of the big limitation is that:
It does not scale easily, requiring highly knowledgeable and skilled instructors, and a limited number of learners.