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iGCSE First Language English - Extended Writing Response - All text types and their features!

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narrative 1

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STUDENTS' SAMPLE TEXTS AND EXAMINER'S FEEDBACK

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STUDENTS' SAMPLE TEXTS AND EXAMINER'S FEEDBACK

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Example Candidate Responses (Standards Booklet)

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Techniques > Use of language > Metaphor

Metaphor is one of the most complex and powerful tools of language and hence gets a section all to itself.

See also

Meaning, Three Levels of Interpretation, Simplicity Principle, The Psychology of Height

Gordon, D. (1978). Therapeutic Metaphors, Capitola, CA: Meta Publications

Lakoff, G. and Johnson, M. (1980). Metaphors we live by, Chicago: University of Chicago Press

Sommer, E. and Weiss, D. (1995). Metaphors Dictionary, International Thomson Publishing Company
Stight, T.G. (1979). Metaphor and Thought: Educational uses of Metaphor. Cambridge University Press

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Techniques > Use of language > Metaphor Metaphor is one of the most complex and powerful tools of language and hence gets a section all to itself. Meaning, Three Levels of Interpretation, Simplicity Principle, The Psychology of Height Gordon, D. (1978). Therapeutic Metaphors, Capitola, CA: Meta Publications Lakoff, G.

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Writers Write is a comprehensive writing resource. We have put together this list of 155 words to help you describe an author's tone.

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Use these lists of 350 character traits to help you select the positive and negative traits you need for the characters in your stories.
What Is A Character Trait?

A trait is a distinguishing quality or characteristic, typically one belonging to a person. It can be a genetically determined characteristic.

Traits are formed by a person's behaviour and attitude to others. We all have good and bad character traits and we should remember this when we describe people.

Some synonyms used for the word 'trait' are: attribute, characteristic, feature, particularity, peculiarity, quality.

Tips For Including Character Traits

Even if you adore your protagonist and loathe your antagonist, it is important to remember that nobody is perfectly good, or perfectly evil.

Every character will have positive and negative personality traits. Make sure you have created real people rather than caricatures by giving your cast a selection of both.

Include them when you complete the character questionnaires for your fictional creations.
[Use our Character Creation Kit to create great characters for your stories.]
How To Use Character Traits In Plotting

When you know what your characters' traits are, you can use this to add to or to change your plot.

Examples

1. An unreliable character might lose a job and the course of the story will change.

2. A helpful or scrupulous character may inadvertently find out information when they are lending a hand. This information could create conflict and might force them to act or react.

3. A romantic might start an affair and cause complications in their relationships. This could be the inciting moment for a story.

4. A selfish person may want to be more dependable and self-disciplined, but this trait could prevent them from achieving this. You can use this to create internal conflict in your characters.

5. A hostile character may want to be included in society to improve their life, but their anger will ensure this does not happen.

350 Character Traits - A Fabulous Resource For Writers

We hope these lists help you choose the negative and positive character traits you will need in your books.

Enjoy developing character traits. Have fun, and happy writing.

If you want to receive a free daily writing prompt, click here to join our mailing list.

If you enjoyed this post, you will love:

1. The 4 Main Characters As Literary Devices

2. 15 Questions Authors Should Ask Characters,

3. 10 Things To Consider When Naming Characters,

4. Creating Characters - Five Mistakes Beginner Writers Make

5. 5 Ways Setting Affects Your Characters

6. The 7 Critical Elements Of A Great Book

7. 9 Literary Terms You Need To Know

by Amanda Patterson
© Amanda Patterson

Top Tip: Find out more about our online courses and workbooks in our shop.

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350 Character Traits - A Fabulous Resource For Writers | Writers Write

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Use these lists of 350 character traits to help you select the positive and negative traits you need for the characters in your stories. A trait is a distinguishing quality or characteristic, typically one belonging to a person. It can be a genetically determined characteristic.

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75 Words That Describe Smells - A Resource For Writers

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Writers Write is your one-stop writing resource. This post is about how writers could and should use words that describe smells.

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Writers use the five senses when they write. We are able to see, smell, hear, taste, and touch exactly what the characters in the story experience.

One of the best ways to describe what we see is through colour and in this post, I have included words that describe colours.

Note: 'colour' is British spelling and 'color' is American spelling.

What Is Colour?

Collins Dictionary says: 'The colour of something is the appearance that it has as a result of the way in which it reflects light.'

The visible spectrum of colour as we see it, consists of seven main colours:

But we can only see three of these visible colours: red, blue, green. These three colours are mixed in our brain to create all of the other colours we see.

Colour Affects Us

Colour affects our moods. For example, blue is calm, red is aggressive, pink suppresses anger and anxiety, bright yellow is the most irritating colour because of its excessive stimulation on the eye. Colours also affect consumers.

According to Sally Augustin in an article in Psychology Today, research has shown the "powers" of particular colours.

She writes about five colours:

1. "Green: Seeing the colour green has been linked to more creative thinking-so greens are good options for home offices, art studios, etc.

2. Red: People seeing others in front of red backgrounds generally find those other individuals are more attractive than when they see them silhouetted against other colours, so reds are great for a bedroom wall. Having a red surface in view also gives us a burst of strength, so reds are good choices for home gym areas, etc. Seeing red has been linked to impaired analytical reasoning, though, making it a bad option for offices.

3. Violet: People link a greyish violet with sophistication, so it can be a good selection for places where you're trying to make the "right" impression.

4. Yellow: Using yellow in a home can be problematic. Many people dislike the colour, so if you have a lot of yellow rooms in your home or a yellow front door, you may be advised to repaint to get the best price for your home should you sell. An exception: Many people use yellow in kitchens-with no negative sales repercussions. Yellow may be accepted in kitchens because warm colours stimulate our appetite.

5. Blue: People are more likely to tell you that blue is their favourite colour than any other shade. That makes it a safe choice. Seeing blue also brings thoughts of trustworthiness to mind; always a good thing."

Writing Tips

1. A character who lives in a colourful home is very different to one who lives in a monochromatic home. The use of colour can help you to show who the characters are.

2. A colour-blind character can add an interesting twist to a story.

3. A character with chromophobia has an irrational fear of colours. This can stop them from performing daily activities and can affect their lives.

4. A bleak, grey setting works well for a crime scene. A sepia-tinged setting works for memoirs. A vivid setting works well for romance. Use colours to set the mood for your books.

207 Words That Describe Colours

General Colour-Related Words

1. ablaze - bright and full of light or colour

2. a riot of [colour] - a lot of different bright colours together

3. bleached - made very pale by chemicals or strong sunlight

4. bleak - gloomy; sombre

5. blotchy - discoloured, patchy

6. bold - very bright, clear, or strong in colour and therefore easy to notice

7. brash - big, bright, or colourful in a way that is not attractive

8. bright - strong but not dark

9. brilliant - vivid, intense

10. chintzy - too colourful and in poor taste

11. clean - light and fresh

12. cold - colours such as white, blue, and grey that make you think of things that are cold

13. colour-coded - marked with different colours to make it easy to see different features or uses

14. colourful - has bright colours or a lot of different colours

15. cool - cool colours, such as white and blue, give an idea of cold instead of heat. Colours with blue or green in them are called cool colours

16. dappled - covered with or forming areas of lighter and darker colour or light and shadow

17. dark - strong and not pale in colour

18. deep - dark and strong

19. delicate - pleasant and not too strong

20. discoloured - changed in colour and no longer looks new, clean, or healthy

21. dusty - used for describing a colour that is not bright because it has some grey in it

22. electric - bright, metallic

23. fast - colours that are fast will not become paler when clothes are washed

24. festive - bright and colourful in a way that makes you think of a celebration

25. fiery - very bright in colour, especially bright red, orange, or yellow

26. flamboyant - brightly coloured or decorated

27. flaming - brightly coloured red, orange, or yellow

28. fluorescent - very bright and seems to reflect light

29. fresh - clean colours

30. gay - brightly-coloured or attractive

31. glistening - sparkling or shining like glitter

32. glittering - shining; sparkling

33. glowing - glowing colours are bright and look warm

34. harmonious - harmonious colours or parts combine well with each other

35. harsh - very bright

36. iridescent - showing changing colours in different types of light

37. jazzy - bright, colourful, and attractive

38. loud - very bright in a way that does not show good taste

39. matching - with the same colour, pattern, or design

40. medium - neither light nor dark in colour

41. mellow - soft and warm in colour

42. multicoloured - consisting of several different colours

43. opalescent - seems always to be changing colour slightly

44. pastel - having a pale soft colour

45. prismatic - multi-coloured, brilliant, bright

46. psychedelic - brightly coloured and have big unusual patterns

47. pure - a pure colour is very clear and beautiful

48. restrained - not too bright in colour, or not decorated too much

49. rich - strong in a pleasant way

50. sepia - sepia photographs are old and are a red-brown colour

51. showy - brightly coloured and attractive

52. soft - pale, gentle and pleasant to look at

53. sombre - dark in colour, especially grey or black

54. splashy - brightly coloured

55. tinged - something that is tinged with a colour, feeling, or quality contains a small amount of it

56. tinted - containing a small amount of a particular colour

57. two-tone - two-tone shoes or clothes have two colours

58. vibrant - bright and colourful

59. violent - very bright and almost painful to look at

60. vivid - a vivid colour is strong and bright

61. warm - warm colours have red, orange, or yellow in them.

62. watery - pale

Words That Describe A Lack Of Colour

1. colourless - dull or lacking in colour

2. dotted - a series of small spots or marks

3. faded - less bright

4. flecked - having a spot or small patch of colour

5. light - lacking brightness or saturation

6. monochromatic - having one colour

7. monotone - all one colour

8. muted - subdued or softened colours

9. neutral - having very little colour

10. opaque - incapable of allowing light to pass through

11. pale - something light in colour or washed out

12. primary - basic colour

13. rustic - plain; simple

14. tinged - a small amount of colour

15. tinted - slightly coloured

16. translucent - allowing light to pass through

17. transparent - clear; see-through

18. watery - containing too much water; diluted

Words That Describe Specific Colours

1. alabaster - very white and smooth.

2. amber - between brown and yellow in colour.

3. amethyst - light purple.

4. apricot - a shade of pink tinged with yellow

5. avocado - with a pale green colour.

6. ash - the colour of ash

7. azure - bright blue.

8. baby-blue - light blue in colour.

9. beige - very pale brown in colour

10. black - having the darkest colour, like the sky at night when there is no light

11. blue - something that is blue is the same colour as the sky on a clear sunny day.

12. bluish - similar to blue or slightly blue in colour

13. bone - a shade of white the colour of a bleached skeleton

14. bottle green - very dark green

15. bronze - an attractive brown colour

16. brown - something that is brown is the same colour as wood or coffee

17. brownish - similar to brown or slightly brown in colour

18. burgundy - dark red

19. canary - having the colour of a canary; of a light to moderate yellow

20. caramel - light yellowish-brown in colour

21. cerise - bright red-pink in colour

22. chalk - a pure flat white

23. charcoal - something that is charcoal is dark grey in colour

24. chartreuse - bright green-yellow in colour

25. cherry - a red the colour of ripe cherries

26. cinnamon - light red-brown in colour

27. claret - dark red in colour

28. cobalt blue - a shade of blue tinged with green

29. copper - red-brown in colour

30. coral - with a colour between pink and orange

31. cream - yellowish-white in colour

32. crimson - dark purple-red in colour

33. Day-Glo - extremely bright yellow, orange, pink, or green in colour

34. dove-grey - light grey in colour

35. dun - between brown and grey in colour

36. ebony - dark black in colour

37. ecru - very pale brown

38. eggshell - like an eggshell, for example white-yellow in colour, not very shiny, or thin and delicate

39. electric blue - very bright blue

40. emerald - bright green in colour

41. fawn - light brown in colour

42. flesh-coloured - the colour of white people's skin

43. gold - something that is gold is the colour of gold

44. golden - bright yellow in colour

45. green - something that is green is the same colour as grass.

46. greenish - similar to green or slightly green in colour

47. greige - between very pale brown and grey in colour

48. grey - between black and white in colour (gray - the American spelling of grey)

49. hazel - light brown and slightly green or golden in colour, used especially for describing someone's eyes

50. ice blue - a very light blue colour

51. indigo - between dark blue and purple in colour

52. inky - mainly literary black, or a very dark colour

53. iron-grey - dark grey in colour

54. ivory - something that is ivory is a yellowish-white colour

55. jet-black - very shiny and black in colour

56. lavender - light purple in colour

57. leaden - dull and dark grey in colour

58. lilac - pale purple in colour

59. lily-white - pure white

60. lime-green - bright yellow-green in colour

61. livid - mainly literary dark purple or blue-grey in colour

62. magenta - purple-red in colour

63. maroon - dark red-brown in colour

64. mauve - pale purple in colour

65. milk-white - the colour of milk

66. milky - the colour of milk

67. navy blue - very dark blue

68. nut-brown - medium brown in colour

69. off-white - slightly yellow or grey

70. olive - dark yellowish green in colour

71. olive - dark grey-green in colour, like many military uniforms

72. orange - between red and yellow in colour

73. orangey - similar to orange or slightly orange in colour

74. peach - yellowish pink in colour

75. peacock blue - dark blue-green in colour

76. pea green - bright green in colour

77. pink - between red and white in colour

78. pinkish - similar to pink or slightly pink in colour

79. pitch-black - completely black or dark

80. plum - between red and purple in colour

81. puce - between dark brown or dark red and purple

82. purple - between red and blue in colour

83. purplish - similar to purple or slightly purple in colour

84. red - the same colour as blood

85. reddish - similar to red, or slightly red

86. rose - dark pink in colour

87. roseate - pink in colour

88. rose-coloured - pink in colour

89. rosy - pink in colour

90. royal blue - deep blue

91. ruby - a deep red colour

92. ruddy - red in colour

93. russet - red-brown in colour

94. rusty - red-brown in colour

95. saffron - between bright yellow and orange in colour

96. salmon - orange tinged with pink

97. sandy - pale yellow in colour

98. scarlet - bright red in colour

99. sea-green - green-blue in colour

100. sepia - something that is sepia is a red-brown colour

101. shocking pink - very bright pink in colour

102. silver - light grey in colour

103. silvery - like silver in colour or appearance

104. sky-blue - the colour of the sky on a bright clear day

105. smoky - light grey in colour

106. snow-white - very white

107. sooty - black or dusky in colour

108. steely - steely blue is grey-blue in colour

109. straw-coloured - pale brown-yellow in colour

110. tan - light brown in colour

111. taupe - a brown-grey colour

112. tawny - between yellow and brown in colour

113. teal - between blue and green in colour

114. terracotta - brown-red in colour

115. turquoise - bright green-blue in colour

116. ultramarine - very bright blue in colour

117. umber - yellow or reddish brown in colour

118. vermilion - bright red or red-orange in colour

119. violet a- blue-purple in colour

120. white - something that is white is the same colour as milk or snow

121. whitish - similar to white or slightly white in colour

122. wine - something that is wine is a dark red colour

123. yellow a- something that is yellow is the same colour as the middle of an egg

124. yellowish - similar to yellow or slightly yellow in colour

Top Tip: Find out more about our online courses and workbooks in our shop.

by Amanda Patterson

© Amanda Patterson
If you enjoyed this post, read:

1. 20 Fun Ways To Find An Idea For A Plot

2. Where Should You Begin Your Memoir?

3. Use These 7 Gaslighting Phrases To Make Your Antagonist More Manipulative

4. 75 Words That Describe Smells

5. 106 Ways To Describe Sounds

6. 20 Words Used To Describe Specific Tastes And Flavours

7. 209 Words To Describe Touch

8. Three Simple Ways To Show And Not Tell

9. 12 Crucial Things To Remember About Setting

Sources:
https://grammar.yourdictionary.com/grammar/word-lists/list-of-words-to-describe-colors.html
https://www.macmillandictionary.com/thesaurus-category/british/words-used-to-describe-specific-colours
https://www.macmillandictionary.com/thesaurus-category/british/general-words-used-to-describe-colours

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204 Words That Describe Colours - A Resource For Writers | Writers Write

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Writers use the five senses when they write. We are able to see, smell, hear, taste, and touch exactly what the characters in the story experience. One of the best ways to describe what we see is through colour and in this post, I have included words that describe colours.

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Writers know that using the senses is a great way to make stories come alive. Use this comprehensive list of words that describe sounds when you write.
According to Oxford Dictionary, to hear is to 'perceive with the ear the sound made by (someone or something)'. Sounds are 'vibrations that travel through the air or another medium and can be heard when they reach a person's ear'.

You have to use the five senses when you write. Readers want to experience what your characters see, smell, hear, taste, and touch. Using the senses is one of the best ways for writers to learn how to show and not tell.

Writers Write is a resource for writers and we have written about words that describe taste, smell, and in previous posts. (We even have one for words that describe colours.) In this post I have included words that describe sounds.

1. audible - a sound that is loud enough to hear

2. broken - a sound that has spaces in it

3. emit - to make a sound

4. grinding - a sound of one hard thing moving against another

5. hushed - a sound that is quiet

6. inaudible - a sound that is difficult to hear

7. monotonous - a sound that is always the same and never gets louder or quieter, or higher or lower

8. muffled - a sound that is not easy to hear because it is blocked by something

9. plaintive - a sound that has a sad quality

10. rhythmic - a sound that has a clear, regular pattern

11. staccato - a sound where each word or sound is clearly separate

1. dulcet - soft and pleasant

2. lilting - a sound that has a rising and falling pattern

3. listenable - easy to listen to

4. mellow - a soft, smooth, pleasant sound

5. melodic - beautiful sound

6. musical - sounds like music

7. pure - a clear, beautiful sound

8. rich - a sound that is strong in a pleasant way

9. soft - quiet and peaceful

10. sonorous - a sound that is deep and strong in a pleasant way

11. sweet - a pleasant sound

Describing Noisy Sounds

1. at full blast - as loudly as possible

2. almighty - used for emphasising how loud something is

3. brassy - a sound that is loud and unpleasant

4. deafening - a sound so loud you cannot hear anything else

5. ear-splitting - extremely loud

6. explosive - a sound that is loud and unexpected

7. howling - a continuous, low, loud noise

8. insistent - a continuous, loud, strong noise

9. loud - a sound that is strong and very easy to hear

10. noisy - a sound that is full of noise

11. percussive - a sound that is short, like someone hitting a drum

12. piercing - a sound that is very loud, high, and unpleasant

13. pulsating - strong, regular pattern

14. raucous - rude, violent, noisy

15. resounding - a sound that is loud and that continues for a while

16. riotous - lively and noisy

17. roaring - a deep, loud noise

18. rowdy - noisy and causing trouble

19. sharp - a sound that is sudden and loud

20. shrill - a sound that is loud, high, and unpleasant

21. thundering - extremely loud

22. thunderous - loud

23. tumultuous - a sound that includes noise, excitement, activity, or violence

24. uproarious - extremely noisy

Words That Help You Show And Not Tell

Many of these words that help you show and not tell are examples of onomatopoeia. These words imitate natural sounds. 'It creates a sound effect that mimics the thing described, making the description more expressive and interesting.'

Here are some examples:

The bees buzzed outside my window.

The wind sighed.

The leaves crackled and crunched under his feet.

Use this list to make your writing come alive.

1. babble - a gentle, pleasant sound of water as it moves along in a river

2. bang - to move, making loud noises

3. beep - a short high sound or several short high sounds

4. blare - to make a loud and unpleasant noise

5. blast - to make a loud sound with a car horn

6. bleep - a short high sound or several short high sounds

7. boom - to make a deep loud sound that continues for some time

8. caterwaul - an unpleasant loud high noise

9. chime - a high ringing sound like a bell or set of bells

10. chink - a high ringing sound when knocked together, or to make something do this

11. clack -to make a short loud sound like one hard object hitting against another

12. clang - a loud, metallic sound

13. clank - a short, loud sound

14. clash - a loud, metallic sound

15. clatter - a series of short, sharp noises

16. click - a short sound like the sound when you press a switch

17. clink - to make the short high sound of glass or metal objects hitting each other, or to cause objects to make this sound

18. cluck - to make a short, low sound with your tongue

19. crash - a sudden loud noise, as if something is being hit

20. creak - if something creaks, especially something wooden, it makes a high noise when it moves or when you put weight on it

21. drone - to make a low continuous noise

22. fizz - a soft sound that small gas bubbles make when they burst

23. groan - a long, low, sound

24. growl - a low, unpleasant noise

25. grunt - to make a short low sound in your throat and nose at the same time

26. gurgle - the low sound water makes when it is poured quickly from a bottle

27. honk - to make a loud noise using a horn, especially the horn of a car

28. hoot - to make a short loud sound as a warning

29. mewl - crying with a soft, high sound

30. moan - a long, low sound

31. neigh - to make a high loud sound like a horse's neigh

32. peal - if a bell peals, or if someone peals it, it makes a loud sound

33. peep - if a car's horn peeps, it makes a sound

34. ping - to make a short high sound like the sound of a small bell

35. pipe - to make a very high sound, or to speak in a very high voice

36. pop - a sudden noise like a small explosion

37. putter - a short, quiet, low sound at a slow speed

38. ring - to make a bell produce a sound

39. roar - to make a continuous, very loud noise

40. rumble - a continuous deep sound

41. scream - to make a very loud high noise

42. scream - to make a very loud high noise

43. screech - to make a loud, high, and unpleasant noise

44. scrunch - to make a loud noise like something being crushed

45. sigh - a long, soft, low sound

46. squeak - to make a short, high noise

47. squeal - to make a long high sound

48. squee - to make a loud high noise because you are excited or happy

49. thrum- to make a low regular noise like one object gently hitting another many times

50. thud - a dull sound when falling or hitting something

51. thump - to hit against something with a low loud sound

52. tinkle - to make a high, ringing sound

53. wail - to make a long, high sound

54. wheeze - a high sound, as though a lot of air is being pushed through it

55. whine - a high, loud sound

56. whirr - a fast, repeated, quiet sound

57. whisper - to make a quiet, gentle sound

58. whistle - to make a high sound by forcing air through your mouth in order to get someone's attention

59. yelp - a short, loud, high sound, usually caused by excitement, anger, or pain

60. yowl - a long, loud, unhappy sound or complaint

Use these words to describe sounds and make your writing come alive.

by Amanda Patterson

© Amanda Patterson
If you enjoyed this post, read:

1. 75 Words That Describe Smells

2. 20 Words Used To Describe Specific Tastes And Flavours

3. 209 Words To Describe Touch

4. Three Simple Ways To Show And Not Tell

5. 12 Crucial Things To Remember About Setting

6. Cheat Sheets for Writing Body Language

7. 20 Fun Ways To Find An Idea For A Plot

Sources:
https://www.macmillandictionary.com/thesaurus-category/british/miscellaneous-words-used-to-describe-sounds
https://www.macmillandictionary.com/thesaurus-category/british/describing-sounds-that-are-unpleasant-to-listen-to
https://www.macmillandictionary.com/thesaurus-category/british/describing-sounds-that-are-low-and-or-deep
https://www.macmillandictionary.com/thesaurus-category/british/describing-sounds-that-are-quiet-and-or-soft
https://www.macmillandictionary.com/thesaurus-category/british/describing-sounds-that-are-high-and-short
https://www.macmillandictionary.com/thesaurus-category/british/to-make-a-loud-sound
https://www.macmillandictionary.com/thesaurus-category/british/to-make-a-high-sound
https://www.macmillandictionary.com/thesaurus-category/british/to-make-a-quiet-or-low-sound

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106 Ways To Describe Sounds - A Resource For Writers

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Writers know that using the senses is a great way to make stories come alive. Use this comprehensive list of words that describe sounds when you write. According to Oxford Dictionary, to hear is to 'perceive with the ear the sound made by (someone or something)'.

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POETRY - SET POEMS FROM SONGS OF OURSELVES - 2021
EXAM

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iGCSE First Language English 2020 - The Writer's Effect

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DIRECTED WRITING