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Native of Boston, one of the first Americans to achieve international fame. His song Chester became an unofficial anthem of the American Revolution.

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American Revolutionary Song: Chester - William Billings

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The domestic vocal genre.

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Requiem, K. 626

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He wrote a plethora of works, and was known at his time most for his operas. He combined seria and buffa styles and created his four later operas: Le Nozze di Figaro, Don Giovanni, Cosi fan tutte, and Die Zauberflote. Here is the "Queen of the Night" aria.

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Die Zauberflöte - Aria (Diana Damrau as Queen of the Night) - HQ

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La serva padrona is an intermezzo, which became the opera buffa.

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Pergolesi - La serva padrona - Stizzoso mio stizzoso

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La serva padrona è un celebre Intermezzo buffo di Giovanni Battista Pergolesi. Composta su libretto di Gennaro Antonio Federico, fu rappresenta la prima volta al Teatro S. Bartolomeo di Napoli il 28 agosto 1733.

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Comic opera. Unlike opera seria, characters are every day people and there are more basses and not castrati.

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String Quartet in C Major, op. 33, no. 3.

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J. Haydn - Hob III:39 - String Quartet Op. 33 No. 3 in C major

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Keyboard Sonata. Op. 5, no. 2.

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J.C. Bach - W A2 - Keyboard Sonata Op. 5 No. 2 in D major

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The "quintessential domestic genre of instrumental music in the Classical era." The form is exposition, development, and recapitulation.

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Symphonies, String Quartets, Keyboard Suites, and Scared Music. His "Surprise" Symphony.

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Franz Joseph Haydn - "Surprise" (Symphony no. 94)

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A History of Music in Western Culture by Mark Evan Bonds.

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Valued qualities in music are balance, proportion, clarity, and naturalness. The relationship between natural and artificial.

Music may seem orderly, but there may be turbulence and unpredictability as well.

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Music benefited from advances in commerce, technology, transportation, etc.

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Near contemporary of Bach. His Gloria fits in the sacred category. He wrote 46 opera seria and 400 concertos. A movt. from his Seasons is linked below.

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Vivaldi The four seasons - Winter - Julia Fischer

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Solo and ensemble in the later 17th Century.

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Well-Tempered Clavier

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The Well-Tempered Clavier, Book 1: Prelude No. 1 in C Major, BWV 846

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Jesu, der du meine Seele

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Johann Sebastian Bach. Jesu, der du meine Seele , BWV 78.

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Cantatas, Passions, Masses, Motets, Fugals, and music for Chamber, Orchestra, Harpsichord, and Organ.

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Well-known for a plethora of works including Oratorios (a sacred counter-part to opera) such as Messiah.

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French operatic tradition: established the comédie-ballet and tragédie en musique.
Armide, one of his notable operas, Act II, Scene :

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Polychordal motet.

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Heinrich Schutz Saul, Saul, was verfolgst du mich

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The first opera to win critical acclaim in 1607.

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An arietta that demonstrates ritornello.

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From Book V of his madrigals.

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Les Arts Florissants - Monteverdi Madrigals Book V

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Became a genre for the public in Venice, Hamburg, and London in the 17th Century.

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Most composers wrote for the church in addition to composing secular or instrumental music.

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Churches tried to outdo each other with opulent works.

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Affect: every work or movement of music can and should convey a single predominate emotion.

Music should be driven by text

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1750-1820
The "Golden Age," hence the term "Classical."

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1600-1750
Inspired by a search for the music of the Ancient Greeks.