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Lev Vygotsky believed that a young age, children were influenced by the people around them, such as their parents, friends, siblings, and others. With the help of others, the children would reach the zone of proximal development. This area is a gap between what a child can do on their own and what a child can accomplish with the help of others.
Cherry, K. (2019). Child development theories and examples. DotDash. Retrieved from https://www.verywellmind.com/child-development-theories-2795068

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Bowlby believes babies are born with the sense to form attachments. These attachments later play a crucial role in the development of future attachments.
Cherry, K. (2019). Child development theories and examples. DotDash. Retrieved from https://www.verywellmind.com/child-development-theories-2795068

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Skinner and Watson believe that children learn through positive and negative reinforcement. For example, a child continues to pull on their sister's hair. Instead of screaming at the child, Skinner and Watson believe the child can be intrinsically motivated to know that is an action they should not make.
Nilsen, B. (2015). Week by week: Plans for documenting children's development (7th ed.). (121). Boston, MA: Cengage Learning.

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At this stage, children begin to understand the concept that objects still exist when they are out of sight. For example, a young child believes his mother is gone when they hide behind a curtain. When the child is older, he realizes that the mother is still there, even if she is behind the blanket.
Nilsen, B. (2015). Week by week: Plans for documenting children's development (7th ed.). (121). Boston, MA: Cengage Learning.

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At this age,  Piaget claims children can only see the world through their perspective. For example, two children are fighting over a muffin. Child A takes it from child B' hands because "It's mine". Children are unable to see from the other's perspective.
Nilsen, B. Ann. Week by Week: Plans for documenting children’s development 7th ed. (2017). Boston, MA: Cengage Learning. (pg.121)

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Erikson's 2nd Stage of the "Eight Stages of Man"

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Erikson's 2nd Stage of the "Eight Stages of Man"

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During the first years until age 3, children are engaged in autonomy vs. doubts and shame. Children either become independent or will begin to doubt themselves.
Nilsen, B. Ann. Week by Week: Plans for documenting children’s development 7th ed. (2017). Boston, MA: Cengage Learning. (pg.121)

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Erikson's 1st stage of the "Eight Stages of Man"

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Erikson's 1st stage of the "Eight Stages of Man"

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This stage is known as trust vs. mistrust. Children either begin to develop trust in their surroundings or distrust their surroundings. Family plays an important role in the development of trust.
Nilsen, B. A. Week by Week: Plans for documenting children’s development 7th ed. (2017). Boston, MA: Cengage Learning. (pg.120)

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Children within these age groups often

are able to communicate with what they want and how they are feeling towards their likes and dislikes. They enjoy playing with other children but at the same time can be selfish with objects that are in their possession. In addition, they are more inclined to do things by themselves independently, even though it may be a struggle for them. For example, you may see a child making a frowning face, grunting, screaming, crying or clinching the palm of their hands to express their frustration toward a situation.

Author, Apec. (2017). The Important Early Childhood Education Program [Image]. Retrieved from http://apecaccelerator.org/important-early-childhood-education-program/