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prokaryotic cells do not have a nucleus.

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The eukaryotic cell has a nuclear membrane that surrounds the nucleus, in which the well-defined chromosomes

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Organisms containing a single cell

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An organism containing multiple cells

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an organism that is able to form nutritional organic substances from simple inorganic substances such as carbon dioxide.

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An organism that cannot manufacture its own food and instead obtains its food and energy by taking in organic substances, usually plant or animal matter.

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Asexual reproduction involves a single parent. It results in offspring that are genetically identical to each other and to the parent.

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sexual reproduction involves the production of sex cells (gametes) during meiosis followed by their subsequent fusion (fertilization) to yield a zygote.  This process, meiosis followed by fertilization (= sex), allows for genetic recombination, so that offspring are genetically different than their parents.

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All living organisms are composed of cells. They may be unicellular or multicellular.

The cell is the basic unit of life.

Cells arise from pre-existing cells. (They are not derived from spontaneous generation.)

The modern version of the Cell Theory includes the ideas that:

Energy flow occurs within cells.

Heredity information (DNA) is passed on from cell to cell.

All cells have the same basic chemical composition.

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All living organisms are composed of cells. They may be unicellular or multicellular.

The cell is the basic unit of life.

Cells arise from pre-existing cells. (They are not derived from spontaneous generation.)

The modern version of the Cell Theory includes the ideas that:

Energy flow occurs within cells.

Heredity information (DNA) is passed on from cell to cell.

All cells have the same basic chemical composition.

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the vascular tissue in plants that conducts water and dissolved nutrients upward from the root and also helps to form the woody element in the stem.

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the vascular tissue in plants that conducts sugars and other metabolic products downward from the leaves.

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the growth of the parts of plants with respect to the force of gravity. The upward growth of plant shoots is an instance of negative geotropism ; the downward growth of roots is positive geotropism.

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the orientation of a plant or other organism in response to light, either toward the source of light ( positive phototropism ) or away from it ( negative phototropism ).

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Gravitropism is a coordinated process of differential growth by a plant or fungus in response to gravity pulling on it. It is a general feature of all higher and many lower plants as well as other organisms.

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the turning or bending of a plant or other organism in response to a touch stimulus.

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the process by which green plants and some other organisms use sunlight to synthesize foods from carbon dioxide and water. Photosynthesis in plants generally involves the green pigment chlorophyll and generates oxygen as a byproduct.

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domain also known as superkingdom or empire, is the highest taxonomic rank of organisms in the three-domain system of taxonomy designed by Carl Woese et.al. in 1990.

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a taxonomic category of the highest rank, grouping together all forms of life having certain fundamental characteristics in common: in the five-kingdom classification scheme adopted by many biologists, separate kingdoms are assigned to animals (Animalia), plants (Plantae), fungi (Fungi), protozoa and eukaryotic algae (Protista), and bacteria and blue-green algae (Monera).

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another term for archaebacteria.

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The Bacteria Kingdom, formerly called monera, are single celled prokaryotic organisms

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Eukarya includes eukaryotic organisms. These are organisms with cells that contain a nucleus as well as membrane-bound organelles. The kingdoms most associated with Eukarya are the Plantae, Animalia, and Fungi kingdoms.

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microorganisms that are similar to bacteria in size and simplicity of structure but radically different in molecular organization. They are now believed to constitute an ancient intermediate group between the bacteria and eukaryotes.

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a bacterium of a large group typically having simple cells with rigid cell walls and often flagella for movement. The group comprises the “true” bacteria and cyanobacteria, as distinct from archaebacteria.

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The Protista is an heterogeneous group of eukaryotic organisms. That is, the nucleus is surrounded by a nuclear envelope, and they contain organized plastids and mitochondria. Most protists are unicellular, but there are some relatively simple multicellular forms.

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is any member of the group of eukaryotic organisms that includes microorganisms such as yeasts and molds, as well as the more familiar mushrooms.

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The kingdom Animalia, or Metazoa, includes all animals. Animals are multicellular, eukaryotic organisms, which are heterotrophic, meaning they obtain nutrition from organic sources.

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the taxonomic kingdom comprising all living or extinct plants

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a distinguishing quality or characteristic, typically one belonging to a person.

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a dominant trait or gene.

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a recessive trait or gene.

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the passing on of physical or mental characteristics genetically from one generation to another.

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the fundamental and distinctive characteristics or qualities of someone or something, especially when regarded as unchangeable.