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It is a vision problem that causes affected people to see distant objects blumed.

·CAUSES:
It causes occurs when the eyeball is too long relartion to the following power of the camea and the lens of the eye.
It may also be because the camea, the lens, or both, are too curved for the length of the eyeball.

·SYMPTOMS AND SIGNS:
In general, if you are short-sightea, you will have difficulty reading the road sings and dearly see distant objects, but you will be able to see well in tasks where you need to look clonely, such as reading a book.
Other signs and symptoms of nearsighteaness including squinting, eye fatigue and headaches.

·TREATMENT:
Myopia can be connected with glasses,contact lonses or retractive surgery most common procedures and performers with on excimer lases:
With the PRK technique (photorefractive keritotomy)
With the LASIK technique (laser assisted in Situ keritomiteusis).
Made by:
Antonio Rodríguez Moreno
Álvaro Gómez Parra

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HIPERTENSION

WHAT IS HIPERTENSION?
Hypertension is a chronic pathology that involves the increase of blood pressure. This disease hasn't clear symptoms and usually manifests when the person enters a certain age. This disease is a treatable pathology, if you don't follow the treatments you can have a myocardial infarction, a cerebral hemorrhage, ...

CAUSES:
• Genetic factors: A person who has someone in their family with hypertension is more predisposed to develop this disease.
•Sex: Men are more predisposed to developing hypertension than women, until they reach menopause and the chances of both.
•Obesity: Another very important cause is overweight or obesity since the probability of having hypertension is three times higher than that of a person without overweight.

CONSEQUENCES:
The first consequences are suffered by arteries, which harden by supporting high blood pressure, become thicker and make it difficult for blood to pass through; This is called arterioclerosis.

PREVENTIONS:
1- Hice up Tobacco: The more cardiovascular risk factors we accumulate, the worse it will be. Give up smoking with hypertension is key, since the difference between a smoker who smokes and another who does't smoke is tremendous.
2-Reduce the consumption of salt: The average consumption of salt by Spanish people is about 12g a day, when the World Health Organization recommends not to exceed 5g.
3- The alcohol: Alcohol consumption increases the pressure in person with normal blood pressure. So for hypertensive people it is deadly.
4-Practice sports: When doing sports, there is a better pumping of the blood to the muscles that makes it more efficient, so the heart is not forced to pump with such force.
5-Lose weight: Losing weight is the best antihypertensive measure you can develop.
6-Cholesterol: This is one of the main causes, since this fatty substance accumulates in the arteries and prevents the blood circulating normally.
Alex Fernando Pereyra
Ana Fernández Jiménez

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What is syndrome down?
Down syndrome is a genetic disorder caused by the presence of an extra copy of chromosome 21 (or part of it), instead of the usual two, so it is also called trisomy of par 21. It is characterized by the presence of a varying degree of disability and peculiar physical traits that give it a recognizable appearance. It owes its name to John Langdon Down who was the first to describe this genetic alteration

What are the causes os this disease?
The causes of this disease are not exactly known, although it is statistically related to a maternal age of more than 35 years. People with Down syndrome have a higher probability than the general population to have some diseases, especially heart, digestive system and endocrine system, due to the excess of proteins synthesized by the chromosome of more

Made by: José Luis parra parra
Dani parra gonzalez

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What is it?
The Celiac Disease is a serious disease in which the small intestine is hypersensitive to gluten, leading to difficulty in digesting food.

What is the symptoms?
· Diarrhea is one of the most common symptoms of celiac disease. Treatment can reduce and resolve diarrhea a few days to a few weeks.
· Fatigue is a common issue for those with celiac disease. Studies show that those with celiac disease are more likely to have sleep disorders and nutritional deficiencies, which may contribute to the problem.
· Celiac disease is associated with an increased risk of depression. However, following a long-term gluten-free diet may decrease the risk of depression.
· Celiac disease may cause the small intestine to absorb moisture from the stool, resulting in constipation. Additionally, a gluten-free diet may decrease fiber intake and can cause constipation.

SUMMARY:
The celiac disease is syndrome of malabsorption characterized by intolerance fo gluten proteins in subjects with genetic predisposition with the specific alleles. It is cause the multifactor and the dietetic, environmental and genetic factors have a great significance in it is appearance. The early diagnosis allows the prevention of complications including osteopenia, malignant diseases and infertility.

Made by: José María Viúdez Parra
David Parra Parra

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La acondroplasia es una displasia ósea ocasionada por un trastorno genético y la principal causa de enanismo. Su principal rasgo físico es el de las extremidades cortas, mientras que el tronco es de tamaño promedio. El 75% de los casos son nuevas mutaciones y el 25% restante son trastornos autosómicos dominantes, es decir, heredados de los padres. El trastorno consiste en una modificación del ADN causada por alteraciones en el receptor del factor de crecimiento 3 de los fibroblastos, lo que a su vez genera anomalías en la formación de cartílago y, por lo tanto, en el crecimiento de los huesos
Participantes:

Juan Antonio Alonso Folqué
Álvaro Martos Peinado
Jerai Intriago Veloz

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Huntington disease or corea of huntington(called because of coreic movements) make some brain cells get deteriored. It´s hereditary, and progenitors have 50% chance of having it.But, if your son doesn´t have de illness,that means in the next generations won´t either be affected by it . The disease affects to the chromosome number 4, caused by a mutation of hungtinine.The hope of life of person with this sickness is from 15 to 20 years. It was discovered in 1872 by George Huntington.

Sympthoms:
-Involuntary movements
-loss of balance
-difficulties talking, and swallowing

This disease is degenerative, it goes from bad to worse,and depending on the patient,the progress can be slow or fast. Almost all cases end in death

Made by Esteban Requena and Lidia Martínez

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Is a tough heaped-up scar that rises quite abruptly above the rest of the skin.

Symptoms :
-Localized area that is flesh-colored, pink, or red.

-An itchy patch of skin.

Causes:
-Ear piecing
-Scratches
-Surgical incision sites.

It's a hereditary illness and people with dark skin are more prone to keloids.

Maykel Alexander
Jaime Fenoy
Eleanor Grace

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Atopic skin (atopic dermatitis) os amultifactorial desease influenced bu genético and environmental factores; characterized by dry skin, with eczema; leading to inflammation of the skin, itchyrash and redness, blisters and scaling, depending no the degree (mild, moderate or severe).
It is a patología that produces animportant itch, it is considered a chronicdisorder of the skin, neither contagiousnor infectious, and between 2% and 20% of children suffer from disease.

Esther Jiménez Parra
Marcela López Jiménez

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Una enfermedad infecciosa causada por un germen habitualmente afectando a los pulmones. Si no es bien tratada puede llegar a ser mortal. Se propaga a través del aire.

Síntomas:

•Tos severa
•Bajada de peso
•Toser y escupir sangre
•Debilidad/fatiga
•Fiebre, escalofríos
•Sudores nocturnos

Hay 2 tipos:
•Activa: Puede ser curada con medicamentos.
•Latente: Si se usan medicamentos puede pasar a ser activa.

Sergio Tortosa García

Luis Molina Fuentes

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Juan Carlos y Tomás

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A lifelong diet that is very limited in protein because protein foods contain phenylalanine.
You have to avoid the following foods:
- Milk
- Eggs
- Cheese
- Nuts
- Soy
- Beans
- Chicken
- Beef
- Pork
- Fish

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Delay of mental and social skills.
Head size much smaller than normal.
Hyperactivity.
Spasmodic movements of arms and legs.
Mental disability.
Convulsions.
Acne.
Tremors

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                                                   PHENYLKETONURIA

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                                                   PHENYLKETONURIA

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What is Phenylketonuria?
is an inborn error of metabolism that results in decreased metabolism of the amino acid phenylanine.
It is a genetic disorder inherited from a person´s parents.

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-Ana María Sánchez Muñoz
-Lidia Parra Sánchez

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Fragile X syndrome is a genetic condition that causes a range of developmental problems including learning disabilities and cognitive impairment. Usually, males are more severely affected by this disorder than females. Affected individuals usually have delayed development of speech and language by age 2.

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This syndrome affects mainly men because they have a single X chromosome(XY), which is mutated, while women have  two X chromosomes(XX), one chromosome which is mutated and the other is normal, so the normal can replace the anomaly of the affected.

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What is it?
Baldness or alopecia is a disease by which hair loss occurs. It can affect the scalp or other areas of the skin where there is hair, including the eyebrows, eyelashes, etc.
Types:

Non-scarring alopecias:In non-scarring alopecias the hair follicle is not destroyed, although it presents other functional changes.

Examples: traumatic alopecia, diffused alopecia...

Scarring alopecias:In cicatricial alopecia there is damage, malformation or destruction of the hair follicles, which may be due to a disease specific to the follicle or independent of it.

Examples: by infectious diseases, by hereditary diseases...

Why is it caused?
The type of alopecia wich is caused by our genes is the  androgenic alopecia. Which can be caused:

Becouse an the hormonal imbalance.Excess DHT will attack the hair follicles or the inflammation will cause normal levels of DHT to attack the hair follicles.

Inflammation:It is likely that you have genetic alopecia genes in your DNA, but if you lead a healthy lifestyle you can help to express it to a lesser extent.

Pablo Aznar Pérez
Juan Miguel Padilla Galera

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This syndrome is caused by the expansion of nucleotide triplets ( CGG) in the 5 non-coding region of the FMR1 gen.

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The fragil X chromosome syndrome is caused by a change in a gene called FMR1. A small part of the gene code is repeated in a fragile area of the X chromosome.

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Lola Pastor Gómez
Sofía Inés Parra Fernández

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Karyotyoe

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Color blindness is typically an inherited genetic disorder. It is most commonly inherited from mutations on the X chromosome.

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It is a very serious genetic disease that causes disturbances in the body.

This disease makes the baby doesn’t developed properly.

It produces a lot of physical defects and increases risks of premature death: only 7.5% live more than a year.

This disease affects female sex.

SOME SINGS OF EDWARDS SYNDROME:

Malformations in the hearth

Deficiency in growth after childbirth

Microcephaly

Severe intellectual dishability

CAUSE OF THE SYNDROME:

It is causes by a trisomy of chromosome 18 which means that that the person has 3 copie  os this chromosomes instead of 2.

Ana Sánchez Camacho
Salma Ouardi

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Color vision deficiencies can be classified as acquired or inherited.
-Acquired: Diseases, drugs and chemicals may cause color blindness.
_Inherited: There are three types of inherited or congenital color vision deficiencies: monochromacy, dichromacy, and anomalous trichromacy depends of the colours that these persons don´t see

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- Difficulty seeing colors and their  brightness correctly.
- Inability to diferenciate between differents shades of one color or similar ones, especially red and green, or blue and yellow.

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Color blindness is a deficiency in the way you see color. With this vision problem, you have difficulty distinguishing certain colors, such as blue and yellow or red and green.