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somatic nervous system:
The somatic nervous system is responsible for initiating and controlling your body's movements. The system is in charge of nearly all voluntary muscle movements as well as the processing of sensory information received from external stimuli such as hearing, touch, and sight.
There are two major types of neurons (nerve cells) in the somatic nervous system:
-Sensory neurons, also known as afferent neurons, are in charge of transporting information from the body to the CNS.
-Motor neurons, also known as efferent neurons, are in charge of transmitting information from the brain and spinal cord to muscle fibres all over the body.
Somatic Nervous System Response Examples:
-A common example is the knee reflex, which occurs when a force is applied to the patellar tendon just below the knee cap.

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The ANS consists of two antagonistic systems:

1. sympathetic:

also known as fight or flight

increases rate of energy expenditure

prepares the body for action

2. parasympathetic

also known as rest and digest

decreases rate of energy expenditure

the body enters a calm state

The ANS regulates the internal environment by controlling structures and organs such as the heart, blood vessels, bronchioles and alimentary canal.
This control is generally involuntary because it normally works automatically without the person's conscious control being involved.
The nerves that comprise the autonomic nervous system arise from nerve cells in the brain and emerge at various points down the spinal cord to reach the effectors.

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The central nervous system (CNS) consists of the brain and spinal cord.

The brain is responsible for controlling complex behaviours. The brain is made up of billions of interconnected neurons and has different regions that each carry out and control specific functions.

The four main areas of the brain are Cerebrum, Cerebellum, Medulla and Hypothalamus.

The Cerebrum is split into two halves and is folded all over. The cerebrum is responsible for conscious thought such as intelligence, language and personality.

The Cerebellum controls balance, co-ordination and muscle activity.

The Medulla controls unconscious body activity such as breathing and heart rate.

The Hypothalamus regulates temperature and water balance in the body.

The role of the spinal cord is to carry nerve signals to and from the body and brain.  The spinal cord is made up of bundles of nerves and cells to be able to relay information from the brain to the rest of the body, and from the body to the brain.