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Jewish Action | A publication of the Orthodox Union

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Jewish Action, the quarterly magazine publication of the Orthodox Union, serves as a forum for a diversity of legitimate opinions within the spectrum of Orthodox Judaism.

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So when Brown's case and four other cases that were related went before the Supreme Court in 1952. The courts decided to combine the similiar cases and put them all under Brown's case. This is why it is known as Brown v. The Board of Education. Lead by Thurgood Marshall, he was the head of the NAACP Legal Defense team. He was the chief attorney for the plaintiffs. Later President Lyndon B. Johnson appointed Thurgood Marshall to the Supreme Court and he became the 1st Black Supreme Court Justice in 1967.

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Brown v. Board of Education of Topeka was a landmark 1954 Supreme Court case in which the justices ruled unanimously that racial segregation of children in public schools was unconstitutional.

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The Argument was necessary because the Court desired briefs from both sides that would answer five questions, all having to do with the attorneys' opinions on whether or not Congress had segregation in public schools in mind when the 14th amendment was ratified.

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The justices were divided
in the beginning of the ruling. The justices were divided because Justice Fred M. Vinson wanted to hold the Plessy verdict intact which was to keep schools separate. Blacks going to all black schools, and whites going to all whites schools. In September 1953 before Brown v Board of Education could be heard, Justice Vinson died. So President Dwight D. Eisenhower replace him with Earl Warren at the time he was governor of California.

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Brown v. Board of Education was one of the cornerstones of the civil rights movement, and helped establish the precedent that “separate-but-equal” education and other services were not, in fact, equal at all.

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Brown claimed that Topeka's racial segregation violated the Constitution's Equal Protection Clause because the city's black and white schools were not equal to each other and they would never be equal. The federal district court dismissed his claim, ruling that the segregated public schools were "substantially" equal enough to be constitutional under the Plessy doctrine. Brown appealed to the Supreme Court, which consolidated and then reviewed all the school segregation actions together.

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But by the early 1950s, the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People (NAACP) was working hard to challenge segregation laws in public schools, and had filed lawsuits on behalf of plaintiffs in states such as South Carolina, Virginia and Delaware.

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The day after the Supreme Court decision 

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The day after the Supreme Court decision 

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Impact/effect and significance on future cases relating to case

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Impact/effect and significance on future cases relating to case

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Despite the Supreme Court's ruling and similar cases, many people continued to press for Jim Crow and other racially unfair laws. One particular organization that fought for racial equality was the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People (NAACP) founded in 1909.

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Chief justice’s explanation for the court’s decision and ID chief justice

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Chief justice’s explanation for the court’s decision and ID chief justice

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The Declaration of Independence stated that "All men are created equal," due to the institution of slavery, this statement was not to be grounded in law in the United States until after the Civil War (and, arguably, not completely fulfilled for many years thereafter).

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In 1976, the Supreme Court issued another landmark decision in Runyon v. McCrary, ruling that even private, nonsectarian schools that denied admission to students on the basis of race violated federal civil rights laws.