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1896 - 1934

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The second phase of Vygotsky's internalization-of-thought process, in which children develop self-regulation and problem-solving abilities by telling themselves aloud what to do, much as their parents did in the first stage

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Without guidance, instruction and encouragement from a teacher, many children may not gain access to some very useful ways of using language for reasoning and working collaboratively, because those ‘ways with words’ (Heath, 1983) are simply not a common feature of the language of their out-of-school communities.

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Teachers take a step back and allow child to reach conclusion and offering support if needed - Zone of Proximal Development

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In the quiz those who have done a certain part are more knowledgeable share this with the group to get to the answer.

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Child-directed speech involves an adult/MKO repeating and expanding on children's language to reinforce the language they already have, and offer them new language to describe an already familiar concept.

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Sociocultural theory is an emerging theory in psychology that looks at the important contributions that society makes to individual development. This theory stresses the interaction between developing people and the culture in which they live.

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Sessions supporting pupils with curriculum based topics by student mentors are an example of more knowledgeable individuals conveying information to peers.