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The term working poor refers to individuals who work for more than 27 weeks of the year while still remaining below the poverty level. These may be due to labor changes or costs, or the wages provided to the employee. Below, an individual is showing an empty wallet, past due bills which are next to the timecard kept by the person. This is an example of the term working poor because although this individual is working, their income does not cover their bare necessities.

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A reference group is defined as any group that an individual may compare themselves to for self evaluation. This group is utilized as a comparison by an individual. The woman in the image below is shown thinking about a group of her peers, possibly as a comparison for her own actions and values. An individual who compares themselves to a specific group is using a reference group to measure themselves.

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A dysfunction is an act or behavior that may result in negative consequences for society and creates instability. For this concept, I chose an image that reflects familial dysfunction, that create instability within a household environment. The act of arguing with members of the family can cause a dysfunction in the dynamic or way the family functions altogether.

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Counterculture refers to a subculture which possess different norms and ideas compared to the mainstream culture. Activists below are a common example of a counterculture, since they often protest for beliefs against the norm. Countercultures may create movements for the ideas and beliefs they possess, such as the Vietnam War.

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Wealthfare refers to government assistance that is provided to those who in the upper and middle classes, such as tax breaks or cuts in the cost of education. The image I chose depicts an individual on welfare and an individual who is receiving wealth fare. Both of the depicted individuals are looking at each other with discontent, which represents the ways each concept is viewed by the other.

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Retreatism is the act of abandoning the means and the actions by an individual, such as giving up on even trying. A similar term is rebellion, although in retreatism, the idea of trying is dismissed. Below, a man is depicted looking upon society with disgust and appears to be homeless, which can occur after retreatism. When an individual completely ignores means and goals, this is often the consequence.

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A charismatic leader relies on persuasion and charm in order to lead effectively. Those who are charismatic leaders are driven by the result and commitment they possess towards their means. I chose a picture of Gandhi to depict the term of charismatic leader, as he repents a perfect example. Gandhi utilized his ideas, thoughts, and communication skills in order to change the world and take one step closer to peace within the world.

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The division of labor occurs when a process is separated between individuals or groups used to create a more efficient production rate. Below, the most common example of this term is depicted, an assembly line. With the use of an assembly line, the amount of movement and work performed by each person is drastically reduced.

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Resocialization occurs when an individual's beliefs, behavior, and attitude norms are reprogrammed or changed. This is usually done purposefully whether it be by an institution or a household. The image below depicts resocialization in action during Air Force training. During this training, the recruits are taught to walk, talk, and act in the same manner.

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Developed by Robert K. Merton, the term ritualism refers to the daily lives of individuals even though they do not agree with the normative goals or values resulting from the routine. Below, a man is concerned about having a family, while those around him are concerned about monetary value. Although this man is performing the same duties as the individuals behind him, he does not share the normative belief of gaining money instead of familial ties.

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Gender polarization is the concept that society views both men and women as polar opposites, so much so that opposite-gender attitudes are considered peculiar. The image below shows the "differences" between a man and woman's brain and the various thoughts they possess. This relates to the concept that the two genders have polar opposite beliefs, specifically with relationships and attitudes.

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A glass ceiling refers to the obstacles faced by a specific group to prevent them from reaching to the hierarchical group. This term is often used to describe the barriers women face within business and the workplace. Below a women is shown with a shorter ladder that ends at a glass ceiling, while a man has broken through. This is a depiction of how a woman will face many different obstacles that prevents her from succession compared to the male counterpart.

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Institutionalized racism defines a distribution of resources and opportunities by society to those who are white while excluding people of color. Depicted below is a black individual next to a broken ladder with what seems to represent American institutions on an unreachable ledge. This image relates to the term in that the advantage of a ladder was not given to this individual but could have been given to white individuals.

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Gender stratification defines the differences in power, wealth, and status between men and women. There is an asymmetrical comparison between the two genders that is described by this relatively new term. The image below depicts a women standing on a lower podium while looking up towards the man. This relates to the term by depicting the difference between men and women in many aspects, especially business.

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The poverty line is the threshold of the amount of income that is necessary to cover bare necessities. The following image compares the median household income to the poverty line. Median household income strays further from the federal poverty line, even as the line continues to increase.

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A subculture is smaller group within a larger culture that may possess variations of beliefs or ideas that are present within the larger culture. These groups tend to possess their own norms, beliefs, or traditions while still maintaining their position in society. The image below depicts different types of subcultures that may exist, including bikers or goths. This represents the idea of subcultures and how each might differ regarding appearance or choices.

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Nonmaterial culture is the parts of a culture which cannot be seen, such as gestures or language. Waving, as pictured below, is an example of nonmaterial culture within America. One of the many ways in which two people say hello is by waving to each other. Abstract human creations is another way of describing what nonmaterial culture may be.

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Culture shock is a common phenomenon in which the ideas, beliefs, or behaviors of another culture creates a feeling of uneasiness for an individual. This image depicts the way in which an individual from American culture, where meat is the largest food group, would react to the traditional Asian meal which is most rice or vegetables. While another cultures cuisine may seem shocking, once the stages of culture shock are completed, there is less of an anxiety towards that culture.

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A symbol is used to represent a specific idea, religion, or item using a mark or sign such as a cross in Christianity. They can take the form of sounds, gestures, signs, and many other things in order to help connect more complicated or intertwined ideas. Symbols are essential for communicating and understanding, and as depicted below can be used to represent a religion or ideology.

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A societal anomie occurs when there is a disintegration of norms or ideas, which may cause chaos or lack of commonality. This photo pertains to anomie as it can cause a lack of limitation or loss of purpose due to the changes in norms. As depicted, the man is wondering what his purpose is and anomie can make individuals believe their actions or thoughts are pointless.