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son heterotrofos

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Los hongos pueden reproducirse tanto sexual como asexualmente.

Los hongos, también conocidos por la palabra latina que les dio nombre, fungi, son unos organismos eucariotas que pertenecen a un reino opuesto al del resto de criaturas del planeta. Su principal diferencia con respecto a las plantas radica en la nutrición heterótrofa que practican, es decir, los hongos requieren de otros seres vivos para alimentarse, no son capaces de producir su propio sustento. Mientras que, en relación con los animales, el reino fungi está formado de paredes celulares compuestas por quintina.

Los hongos se pueden clasificar en cuatro grupos: saprofitos, liquenizados, micorrizógenos y parásitos. Entre los que se encuentran ejemplares tan conocidos como los mohos, las setas o las levaduras. Este índice de especies persigue un entorno igualmente variado, aunque la mayoría prefieren un ambiente húmedo, cálido y rico en materia orgánica que descomponer. ¿Quieres conocer más datos interesantes sobre este extraño género? Sigue leyendo y descubre sus características principales.

¿Cómo se reproducen los hongos?

La reproducción propia de los fungi se realiza mediante la creación y dispersión de esporas, muy resistentes a condiciones medioambientales adversas. Estas esporas nacen en el esporocarpo del hongo, es decir, la corona que lidera su estructura corporal. Este proceso puede desarrollarse tanto sexual como asexualmente.

Una de las criaturas más diversas

Los hongos constituyen una familia de gran diversidad. Según han recogido los expertos en la materia a lo largo de los años, el reino fungi posee hasta un millón de especies en todo el mundo. Aunque muchas de ellas no han sido descritas ni analizadas todavía.

Parte fundamental de la dieta humana

Su alto contenido en vitaminas y proteínas, así como su total carencia de lípidos y carbohidratos convierten a los hongos en uno de los ingredientes más beneficiosos de nuestra dieta. Recordemos sino los champiñones, la levadura necesaria para elaborar el pan o aquellos hongos presentes en el queso Brie, Camembert y Roquefort.

Propiedades medicinales

Los hongos no solo forman parte de una dieta equilibrada, sino que también son un recurso médico de gran efectividad contra algunas enfermedades e infecciones. Como por ejemplo, el género penicilium, de donde nació la penicilina, sustancia base de toda esa gama de antibióticos tan recurrente en nuestros días.

¿Existen los hongos alucinógenos?

Efectivamente, este tipo de organismos segregan sustancias tóxicas que producen un efecto inmediato en el cerebro, causando alucinaciones y pérdida de conciencia en el individuo. En cambio, otras especies provocan secuelas todavía más devastadoras. Mediante la transmisión de enzimas venenosas, los hongos pueden conducir a un fallo multisistemático y la muerte.

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El reino de los hongos: 5 características más importantes

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Los hongos, también conocidos por la palabra latina que les dio nombre, fungi, son unos organismos eucariotas que pertenecen a un reino opuesto al del resto de criaturas del planeta. Su principal diferencia con respecto a las plantas radica en la nutrición heterótrofa que practican, es decir, los hongos requieren de otros seres vivos para alimentarse, no son capaces de producir su propio sustento.

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Life Cycle Analysis of Distributed Energy System Projects’Energy Consumption and GHG Emission – A Case of BeerBrewery Auxiliary Power Supply in China, 

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Life Cycle Analysis of Distributed Energy System Projects’Energy Consumption and GHG Emission – A Case of BeerBrewery Auxiliary Power Supply in China, 

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BY PAOLA VARGAS
We can see that it is a case of implementation of LCA that organizations in China have constructed to compare the impacts produced by the use of energy and the performance of the emissions they produce, which demonstrate the need to use renewable energy. Eliminates large impacts on the greenhouse effect, this guarantees to be a product of greater power to develop not only in the future if not currently.

Thanks to the analysis of the life cycle, these organizations have allowed to develop big conclusions, because it has allowed them to provide and collect information about the sensitivity factors that heat and energy brings, besides highlighting that these factors can vary in time and these projects can generate more expensive revenues if they are not implemented immediately, since they are linked to demand.

They emphasize that one of the reasons why they focused on these investigations and that they recommend carrying out, is that in China they still use coal as the dominant energy to generate energy and also that this burning of coal brings with it many factors that affect not only life environmental, but also the quality of life of the people. The fundamental strategy to be used here would be energy and heating through solar and biosoma routes, which can be satisfied in such a way that the demand for conventional electricity will decrease and the results will be that the use of energy models will be increased, in addition to satisfying the human needs also the environment is grateful with the use of these renewable energies.

It is thus clear that this type of project can be used very easily because those responsible are trying to be heard by policy projectors in China, thus ensuring a greater boom in research.

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BY: PAOLA VARGAS
After the study corresponding to the 14040 and 14044 readings, we can affirm that, the life cycle analysis (LCA) is the means for management. A product or project must have in its life cycle. Do not forget that this study has to be included at all times.

Thus, ISO 14040: 1997 establishes that "the LCA is a technique to determine the environmental aspects and potential impacts associated with a product, which is done by compiling an inventory of the relevant inputs and outputs of the system; evaluating the potential environmental impacts associated with these inputs and outputs, and interpreting the results of the inventory and impact phases in relation to the objectives of the study. "

According to the previous norm, this relates that the Life Cycle Analysis has four phases developed in the following way,

o Definition of objectives and scope

o Inventory analysis

o Impact evaluation

o Interpretation of results

These are developed one by one in an organized manner, allowing the visualization and the behavior of each of them, which allows us to establish that the most energetic or dynamic phases are, inventory analysis and impact assessment, since here all data is collected. the information and all the data thrown are evaluated; leaving the definition of objective and Interpretation of results, as the most calm or static because in these the hypotheses of the previous phases are built allowing them to lead to where it wants to carry out research and allowing to open new ways of collecting knowledge that will help to make good use of this strategy.

For what it makes clear to us that the ACV, is a process that is fed back and enriched as it is carried out.

These rules make it clear to us that ACV is a great environmental management tool that can be very helpful for the decision making of organizations, when it comes to successfully developing your project or product, since it is considered beneficial to know , in as much detail as possible, the effects that their products, services or activities could cause on the environment (even if they are involuntary); in particular, those that cause significant adverse environmental impacts, to meet the legal, social and political responsibilities that they entail, in addition to economic losses and corporate image, whether used individually or in conjunction with other tools that encourage or are in charge of environmental impact management.

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NTC ISO 14040 ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT. LIFE CYCLE ANALYSIS. PRINCIPLES AND FRAME OF REFERENCE

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NTC ISO 14040 ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT. LIFE CYCLE ANALYSIS. PRINCIPLES AND FRAME OF REFERENCE

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by: Jenny Torres
The ACV deals with the environmental aspects and potential environmental impacts throughout the entire life cycle of a product from the acquisition of raw material, through production, utilization, final treatment, recycling, to its final disposal.

PHASES OF AN ACV STUDY
1. THE LIFE CYCLE INVENTORY ANALYSIS ICV
Handles the Inventory of the input / output data in relation to the system under study and involves the collection of data and calculation procedures to quantify the inputs and outputs of a product system.

A.      DATA COLLECTION
It collects data on energy inputs, raw materials, auxiliary inputs, other physical inputs. Products, co-products and waste and air emissions, land and water discharges.
B.       DATA CALCULATION
It performs the validation of the collected data, the relationship of the data with the unit processes and the relation of the data with the reference flow of the functional unit.
2. EICV LIFE CYCLE IMPACT ASSESSMENT
Provides additional information to help evaluate ICV results, may include an iterative process of reviewing the objective and scope of the LCA study to determine the level of compliance with the objectives of the LCA.
A.      COMPULSORY ELEMENTS

-  It is the selection of impact categories, category indicators and characterization models Assignment of ICV results

- Calculation of results of the category indicator

-  Results of the category indicator

B.        OPERATIONAL ELEMENTS : Quantifies the value of the results of the category indicator with respect to the reference information. They may be:

-          Group

-          Weighing

C.       LIMITATIONS : Among the limitations, it only deals with the environmental issues specified in the objective and scope.
In the ICV phase, such as the establishment of the system limits, which do not include all the possible unit processes for a product system or do not include all the inputs and outputs of each unit process.
In the collection of adequate and representative inventory data for each category of impact.

D.       INTERPRETATION OF THE ACV LIFE CYCLE
The summary is made and the results of the ICV or the EICV are discussed. This should provide results that are consistent with the defined purpose and scope.
It should reflect the fact that the results of the EICV are based on a relative approach.
It tries to offer a comprehensible, complete and coherent reading of the presentation of results of a LCA

E.        REPORTS
Within these reports you will have to take into account the following information:

-  Relationship with the results of the ICV.

- Description of the quality of the data.

- The category end points to justify.

- The selection of impact categories.

- Characterization models.

-  The environmental factors and mechanisms.

- The profile of the results of the indicator.

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 ISO 14044Environmental Management - LifeCycle 

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 ISO 14044Environmental Management - LifeCycle 

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by: Vicky Sierra

The growing awareness of the importance of protecting the environment and the possible results associated with products, both manufacturers and consumers, have increased the interest in developing the means to improve and address these effects. One of the techniques developed in this sense is the life cycle analysis (LCA).

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LIFE CYCLE ANALYSIS OF DISTRIBUTED ENERGY SYSTEM PROJECTS’ ENERGY CONSUMPTION AND GHG EMISSION – A CASE OF BEER BREWERY AUXILIARY POWER SUPPLY IN CHINA

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LIFE CYCLE ANALYSIS OF DISTRIBUTED ENERGY SYSTEM PROJECTS’ ENERGY CONSUMPTION AND GHG EMISSION – A CASE OF BEER BREWERY AUXILIARY POWER SUPPLY IN CHINA

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by: Jenny Torres

According to the article, the main researches are given by the following researchers:

1. STRACHAN
- Evaluates the difference in emissions between the distributed energy system and the traditional energy system, providing information on the sensitivity factors.

-The value of the different projects are subject to the demand and location of the users.

-It makes use of Van's calculations to evaluate the performance of heat and electricity cogeneration projects with scenarios of residual fuel sales.

2. DING XIAOCHUAN
-Analyze the economic viability of distributed energy system projects based on natural gas.

-The prices of gas and electricity are independent.
-The sale of heat and cooling are in your fuel costs.

-The efficiency of the refrigerator and the absorption type lithium bromide boilers is on average.

3. WAN YANLING
- Investigate the integral value of projects of the gas-based distributed energy system, with detailed calculation methods of economic value, user value, system value and environmental value.

4. WANG WEILIN
-Compare the emission of the project and an alternative case where heat, cooling and electricity are provided individually.

- The costs and fuel emissions are measured individually because they are small in renewable technology, energy consumption and emissions during the life cycle process, as the production of the machines should not be neglected.

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Life cycle analysis of distributed energy systems projects: energy consumption and greenhouse gas emissions: a case of auxiliary power supply in a brewery in China

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Life cycle analysis of distributed energy systems projects: energy consumption and greenhouse gas emissions: a case of auxiliary power supply in a brewery in China

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by: Vicky Sierra

Taking into account the information of the article and when relating it to the norm, it is important to indicate that the evaluation of environmental quality determines the causes of the environmental problem, taking into account the impacts that are generated throughout its life cycle, in the extraction of the mimos until Obtaining and therefore taking into account the life cycle assessment refers to what is the impact generated by a product, by the process in order to generate measures to avoid the impact generated by it. According to ISO 14044, which is used to evaluate the life cycle, it generates certain guidelines which lead to an objective, the scope of the life cycle, inventory, interpretation, limitations, related phases.

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por: vicky sierra

As the consecutive and interrelated stages of a system of a product system from the acquisition of the raw material or its generation in natural resources to the final disposal. In the present work, a compilation of information was carried out, based on a project-centered analysis, the evaluation of energy consumption and GHG emissions was carried out to compare the results of energy consumption and emissions performance.

To reduce these emissions it is important Distributed Energy which is the generation and management of electricity in a decentralized way, as close as possible to its place of consumption through, mainly, renewable energy sources such as solar, wind, biomass, biogas, or others.