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He stated that everything is composed of atoms and was the first to give the idea that matter is not infinitely divisible. His thoughts were that atoms are small, solid particles that are in empty space and constantly moving.

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He came up with the system of naming chemical substances. He also stated that the total mass of the products of a chemical reaction is always the same as the total mass of the starting materials consumed in the reaction. He proved atoms are not created and/or destroyed in a chemical reaction.

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He first published his Law of Definite Proportions which states that a compound is made up of exact proportions of elements by mass no matter how the compound was made.

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Dalton was the first to complete attempt to describe all matter in terms of atoms and their properties. He stated that all matter is made of atoms, which are indivisible, all atoms of a given element are identical in mass and properties, compounds are combinations of two or more different types of atoms, and a chemical reaction is a rearrangement of atoms.

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He had the idea that atoms had an electrical component which were responsible for combining the atoms in compounds.

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He discovered the radioactivity in uranium and allowed scientists to radically change their ideas about atomic structure.

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He is the originator of the quantum theory which is the understanding of atomic and subatomic processes. He helped find out that the energy of light is proportional to the frequency,

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Radioactivity does not depend on how the atoms are arranged into molecules, but how it starts within the atoms themselves. The rays came from the element's atomic structure.

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He discovered the electron, and the negatively charged particle in the atom. He confirmed it is a sphere of positive matter with electrons positioned based on electrostatic forces.

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He proved the existence of atoms and that any liquid is made up of molecules which are always in ceaseless motion.

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He helped quantify the charge of an electron, which helped the understanding of the structure of the atom and atomic theory.

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He confirmed the atom is mostly empty space and that all of its mass is concentrated in a tiny central nucleus. He proved the nucleus is positively charged and surrounded by the negatively charged electrons.

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He proved energy is transferred only in certain well defined quantities. His theory could explain why atoms make light in fixed wavelengths.

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Accidentally interpreted a radiation being composed of particles with a neutral electrical charge which caused the neutron.