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Content = information, meaning

Function = necessary words for grammar

In other words, content words give us the most important information while function words are used to stitch those words together.

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mor·pheme

/ˈmôrˌfēm/

noun. LINGUISTICS

a meaningful morphological unit of a language that cannot be further divided (e.g. in, come, -ing, forming incoming ).

a morphological element considered with respect to its functional relations in a linguistic system.

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A morpheme is the smallest meaningful unit in a language. While word is the smallest free form of a language. The main difference between a morpheme and a word is that a morpheme sometimes does not stand alone, but a word, by definition, always stands alone.

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(/mɔːrˈfɒlədʒi/)
is the study of words, how they are formed, and their relationship to other words in the same language. It analyzes the structure of words and parts of words, such as stems, root words, prefixes, and suffixes.

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Sound units combine to form morphemes, then combine into form words, finally combine into form phrases and sentences. This changes are caused by the decomposition of words into morphemes illustrates one of the fundamental properties of human language which is called discreteness.

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Free morpheme is one that can be uttered alone with meaning. Examples: Bird, happy.
Bound Morpheme, unlike the free, cannot be uttered alone with meaning. It is always annexed to one or more morpheme to form a word. Examples: -s, -er, re-, -ness.

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Rules of Word Formation (Derivation and Inflection)

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Rules of Word Formation (Derivation and Inflection)

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Morphemes that have syntactic consequences are referred to as “inflectional”; these include morphemes of tense (past tense –ed), aspect (continuous –ing), person (3rd singular –s), number (plural –s), gender (lion + ess), case (he vs. him vs. his), etc. Morphemes are called “derivational” if they change the grammatical category (part of speech) of a word – e.g. derive (v.) + ation (n.) + al (adj.) – or alter the basic meaning of a word – e.g. un + do, re + do. Signed languages exhibit both inflectional and derivational morphemes.

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Root is the irreducible core of a word, with absolutely nothing else attached to it. Roots can be free morpheme or a word element which the other new words grow, usually through addition prefixes and suffixes. Example : unhappy, root : happy.

Steam is a word element to which grammatical or inflectional suffixes can be added. Every word that end with inflectional suffixes, we called it ‘steam’. Example : Bag (root) – bag(s) = bags (steam), Play (root) – play(er)(base)+(s) = players (steam)

Base is any unit to which affixes of any kind derivational/lexical affixes can be added. All roots are bases. Bases are called steams only in the context of inflectional morphology. Example : Like (root) + -dis = dislike(base)+ -ed (inflectional suffixes) = disliked( steam).
It means that stem ‘disliked’ come from base ‘dislike’.

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I made the chart using Microsoft Excel and converted it to PNG Image.

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Morphological analysis (MA) is a method for identifying, structuring and investigating the total set of possible relationships contained in a given multidimensional problem complex.  It was developed by Fritz Zwicky.

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This is my short video about morphemes and the classification of morphemes. Thank you.