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Also called spheroidal joints, the ball and socket joints are formed by the rounded or "ball-shaped" head of one bone fitting into the cup-like cavity of another bone. The articulating bone fits into the cavity and allows the distal bone to move around. The hip and shoulder joints are examples of the ball and socket joint.

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Examples of this form of articulation are found in the hip, where the round head of the femur (ball) rests in the cup-like acetabulum (socket) of the pelvis; and in the shoulder joint, where the rounded upper extremity of the humerus (ball) rests in the cup-like glenoid fossa (socket) of the shoulder blade.

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Hinge joints are a type of joint that functions much like the hinge on a door, allowing bones to move in one direction back and forth with limited motion along other planes. Hinge joints are complex and contain many muscles and tissues.

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The fingers, toes, elbows, knees, and ankles contain hinge joints.

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Ball and socket joints are the most mobile and intricate of all the joints. They are also the most prone to disease and prone to require medical intervention. Arthritis is one of the conditions that causes pain and dysfunction in the ball and socket joint.

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Hinge joints function by allowing flexion and extension in one plane with small degrees of motion in other planes.

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Condyloid joints allow movement with two degrees of freedom much like saddle joints. They allow flexion/extension, abduction/adduction and therefore also allow circumduction. Unlike ball and socket joints, condyloid joints do not allow axial rotation.
Keywords:

adduction: the movement of a bone toward the midline of the body

abduction: moving a bone away from the midline of the body

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The ball and socket joint provides swinging and rotating movements

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Pivot joint, also called rotary joint, or trochoid joint, in vertebrate anatomy, a freely moveable joint (diarthrosis) that allows only rotary movement around a single axis

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This type of joint allows angular movement along two axes, as seen in the joints of the wrist and fingers, which can move both side to side and up and down.

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The pivot joint is exemplified by the joint between the atlas and the axis (first and second cervical vertebrae), directly under the skull, which allows for turning of the head from side to side

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A pivot joint allows movement in one plane, such as rotation about an axis. Pivot joints, for example, permit one, after bending the elbow, to turn the palm of one's hand upward or downward by rotating the forearm. The two bones of the forearm (the ulna and the radius) twist around each other using a pivot joint.

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Condyloid joints are found where the shallow depression of one bone receives a rounded bony area formed by one or two bones. Condyloid joints are found at the base of the fingers (metacarpophalangeal joints) and at the wrist (radiocarpal joint).

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The role of pivot joints in human health (the same as that played by the other types of synovial joints) is to allow freedom of movement and thus provide flexibility to the skeleton.

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A joint thus joins bones together  but also keeps them slightly separated to prevent their damaging each other in motion. A kind of cartilage special to joints covers the ends of the bones being joined. The gap between the cartilage surfaces is not a vacuum and is not filled with air. It is filled with synovial fluid. This synovial fluid is in a sense the equivalent of the motor oil which lubricates moving parts of an automobile engine.

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A gliding joint allows three different kinds of motion: linear motion, such as smooth sliding of bone past bone, angular motion such as bending and stretching, and circular motion. The ends of the bones that a gliding joint joins are nearly flat or only slightly curved and thus facilitate the characteristic sliding, bending, and twisting movements.

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Saddle joints are another type of synovial joint. The saddle joint gets its name because the bone forming one part of the joint is concave (turned inward) at one end and looks like a saddle. The other bone's end is convex (turned outward), and looks like a rider in a saddle.
Both bones have concave-convex articular surfaces which interlock like two saddles opposed to one another.

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bones in your wrists and ankles move by gliding against each other.

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It is found in the thumb, the thorax, and the middle ear, and the heel.

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Unlike hinge joints, such as those between the bones in your fingers, saddle joints have a much greater range of motion than a simple backward-and-forward movement. Saddle joints have two basic types of movement, known as flexion-extension and abduction-adduction.

Flexion and extension are opposite movements, but they’re easy to visualize. When you bend your elbow, you decrease the angle between your upper arm and your forearm. This is an example of flexion. When you straighten your arm, you’re extending it, increasing the angle between your upper and lower arms. This is an example of extension.

Abduction and adduction are movements related to the midline of a structure. For example, spreading your fingers wide moves them away from the midline down the center of your hand. Adduction is a return toward the midline.

Some saddle joints are also capable of combining flexion-extension and abduction-adduction movements.