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"After one year from the ratification of this article the manufacture, sale, or transportation of intoxicating liquors within, the importation thereof into, or the exportation thereof from the United States and all territory subject to the jurisdiction thereof for beverage purposes is hereby prohibited."

This is a part of the 18th amendment taken directly from the Library of Congress. The 18th amendment states that alcohol is prohibited for beverage purposes, which means that it is still allowed for medicinal purposes.

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On January 16th, 1919, Missouri voted in favor of the 18th Amendment. Their vote closed in on the 3/4 of states needed to ratify the amendment.

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On January 16th, 1919, Missouri voted in favor of the 18th Amendment. Their vote closed in on the 3/4 of states needed to ratify the amendment.

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Religious people believed that banning the production of alcohol would reduce crime and improve piety in America. It was believed that alcohol was the cause of broken families, being poor, and most crimes.

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On January 19th, 1919,  Congress ratified the National Prohibition Act. The National Prohibition Act was enacted to carry out the 18th Amendment which established the prohibition of alcohol in the United States.

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Bootlegging was the illegal manufacturing and sale of liquor. George Remus, Lucky Luciano, Arnold Rothstein, Dean O'Banion, Vito Genovese, and Sam Maceo were some of the most famous Bootleggers of the time. Homemade alcohol like moonshine and bathtub gin began to become popular with bootleggers as it was cheap and easy to produce.

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Speakeasies were illegal gatherings where people would sell and consume alcohol. Some speakeasies were run out of peoples homes or out of of organized crime locations. Speakeasies were also called "Blind Pigs". It is believed that the owner of a saloon or bar would charge customers to see an attraction (such as an animal) and then serve a “complimentary” alcoholic beverage.

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Companies thought that with the enactment of the Prohibition their businesses would flourish. They expected sales of clothing and household goods to skyrocket. Rent was expected to rise as saloons closed and neighborhoods improved. Chewing gum, grape juice, and soft drink companies all expected growth. Theater producers expected new crowds as Americans looked for new ways to entertain themselves without alcohol.

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Perhaps the most famous speakeasy was the 21 Club which was located in New York City. If police tried to raid the club, a system of levers was used to tip the shelves of the bar, sweeping the liquor bottles through a chute and into the city's sewers so that when the police would show up, it would appear to be a regular, law abiding restaurant.

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This documentary highlights the process of convincing people to pass prohibition.
(Beginning to 2:18)

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The Time Is Now | Prohibition | PBS LearningMedia

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By 1913, more states would pass laws restricting liquor, thanks to the efforts of the Anti-Saloon League and the Women's Christian Temperance Union. Brewers and distillers suffered, but many believed a national ban on alcohol was unlikely because the government relied on taxes from alcohol.

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Roots of PROHIBITION A Nation of Drunkards

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During the prohibition, many people started constructing sneaky ways to hide and secretly consume alcohol, such as this picture which shows a fake book with a container inside for alcohol. Lamps, canes, and mattresses were also used. 

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During the prohibition, many people started constructing sneaky ways to hide and secretly consume alcohol, such as this picture which shows a fake book with a container inside for alcohol. Lamps, canes, and mattresses were also used. 

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The chart shows homicide rates for Chicago hitting 20 per 100,000 by 1928. For context, homicide peaked in Chicago in 1991 around 32 per 100,000, declined to around 16 by 2011 and jumped back to 20 in 2012.

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The chart shows homicide rates for Chicago hitting 20 per 100,000 by 1928. For context, homicide peaked in Chicago in 1991 around 32 per 100,000, declined to around 16 by 2011 and jumped back to 20 in 2012.

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(The red line is all victims and the blue line is white victims. This highlights the incline of particularly racially motivated homicides in Chicago during the Prohibition.)

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People who were pro- prohibition thought that alcohol was ruining families and that the only beneficiaries of alcohol were the manufacturers. 

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People who were pro- prohibition thought that alcohol was ruining families and that the only beneficiaries of alcohol were the manufacturers. 

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When Prohibition first came into effect, the IRS (International Revenue Service) was in charge of enforcing the new laws. In 1929, the Department of Justice was in charge of enforcing it instead.

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When Prohibition first came into effect, the IRS (International Revenue Service) was in charge of enforcing the new laws. In 1929, the Department of Justice was in charge of enforcing it instead.

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Chicago police show off their first day of alcohol seizures on January 17th, 1920.

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Chicago police show off their first day of alcohol seizures on January 17th, 1920.

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This is a map showing the progression of states that adopted similar laws to prohibition before the 18th Amendment was ratified. 

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This is a map showing the progression of states that adopted similar laws to prohibition before the 18th Amendment was ratified. 

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Bootleggers used these shoes to throw police off of their trail. The soles of the shoes were designed to look like cattle prints. The police would be much more likely to follow show prints rather than hoof prints so they wouldn't be paying much attention to hoof prints while looking for show prints.

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Bootleggers used these shoes to throw police off of their trail. The soles of the shoes were designed to look like cattle prints. The police would be much more likely to follow show prints rather than hoof prints so they wouldn't be paying much attention to hoof prints while looking for show prints.