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A mechanical wave is a wave that is an oscillation of matter, and therefore transfers energy through a medium. While waves can move over long distances, the movement of the medium of transmission—the material—is limited. Therefore, the oscillating material does not move far from its initial equilibrium position.

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a wave vibrating in the direction of propagation.

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A transverse wave is a moving wave that consists of oscillations occurring perpendicular (right angled) to the direction of energy transfer (or the propagation of the wave). If a transverse wave is moving in the positive x-direction, its oscillations are in up and down directions that lie in the y–z plane.

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The speed of sound is the distance travelled per unit time by a sound wave as it propagates through an elastic medium. In dry air at 0 °C, the speed of sound is 331.2 metres per second.

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The speed of light in vacuum, commonly denoted c, is a universal physical constant important in many areas of physics. Its exact value is 299,792,458 metres per second.

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In physics, electromagnetic radiation refers to the waves of the electromagnetic field, propagating through space time, carrying electromagnetic radiant energy.

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The visible spectrum is the portion of the electromagnetic spectrum that is visible to the human eye. Electromagnetic radiation in this range of wavelengths is called visible light or simply light

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The rate at which something occurs or is repeated over a particular period of time or in a given sample.

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The maximum extent of a vibration or oscillation, measured from the position of equilibrium.

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The distance between successive crests of a wave, especially points in a sound wave or electromagnetic wave.