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Last month, I wrote about the fun and the pitfalls of viral maps, a feature that included 88 super-simple maps of my own creation. As a follow-up, I'm writing up short items on some of those maps, walking through how I created them and how they succumb to (and hopefully overcome) the shortfalls of viral cartography.

One of the most interesting data sets for aspiring mapmakers is the Census Bureau's American Community Survey. Among other things, that survey includes a detailed look at the languages spoken in American homes. All the maps below are based on the responses to this survey. However, an ACS participant does not select his language from a list of predeteremined options; he fills in a blank box with his self-selected answer. For instance, some people answered the ACS with "Chinese," while others gave specific dialects such as "Mandarin" or "Cantonese". These were all treated as different languages in the ACS data and when constructing these maps. (See the raw data here.) New York is marked "Chinese" because more people responded with "Chinese" than any other language other than English or Spanish. If all Chinese languages (or languages under the umbrella of a larger language family) had been grouped together, the answers for many states would change. In addition, Hawaiian is listed as a Pacific Island language, so following the ACS classifications, it was not included in the Native American languages map. The spelling of each language is based on the language of the ACS.

OK, that map is not too interesting. Now, let's remove Spanish from the mix.

Given these new parameters, we now see a trio of Native American languages, Navajo, Dakota, and Yupik, on the map. Navajo is the most prevalent Native American language, with more than 170,000 speakers, while Dakota lags behind with just 18,000. According to the census, there are more speakers of Navajo in Utah, Colorado, New Mexico, and Arizona than there are speakers of other Native American languages in all other states combined.*

Here are a couple more language groups of interest. First, the Scandinavians. The census categorizes Swedish, Danish, and Norwegian as Scandinavian languages.

Next up, Indo-Aryan languages. For the purposes of this map, we consider Hindi, Gujarati, Urdu, Bengali, Panjabi, Marathi, Nepali, and Sinhalese to fall into that category.

Finally, African languages. The choices here are Amharic, Berber, Chadic, Cushite, Sudanic, Nilotic, Nilo-hamitic, Nubian, Saharan, Khoisan, Swahili, Bantu, Mande, Fulani, Gur, Efik, Mbum, as well as "Kru, Ibo, Yoruba," which the census lists as a single language.

See more of Slate's maps.

Correction, May 13, 2014: This article originally misspelled Arapaho in the map of most commonly spoken Native American languages. (Return.)

Update, May 16, 2014: This paragraph was revised to clarify how the maps were constructed. (Return.)

Correction, May 27, 2014: This article originally misstated that only two languages categorized by the Census as Native American languages-Navajo and Dakota-were displayed in the "Most Commonly Spoken Language Other than English or Spanish." It also included Yupik. (Return.)

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Last month, I wrote about the fun and the pitfalls of viral maps, a feature that included 88 super-simple maps of my own creation. As a follow-up, I'm writing up short items on some of those maps, walking through how I created them and how they succumb to (and hopefully overcome) the shortfalls of viral cartography.

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Weather Atlas | New York, USA weather forecast and Climate information

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New York, USA weather and climate data - from current weather and hourly forecast, detailed daily and 10-day forecast to long range monthly outlook of temperature, humidity, rainfall, snowfall, daylight, sunshine, UV index, and sea temperature. Country: New York, USA

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Get Mississippi facts, maps, and pictures in a U.S. state profile from National Geographic Kids.

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Talladega National Forest includes Cheaha Mountain, the highest peak in Alabama.

More than 10,000 years ago people came to the area that is now Alabama, some living in Russell Cave. Thousands of years later Native American tribes such as the Cherokee, Chickasaw, Choctaw, and Creek resided in the area. Although many Native Americans were forced to leave Alabama in the 1800s, today some descendants of those tribes still live in the state.

Spanish explorers first arrived in the 1500s. The area was controlled at different times by England, France, then Spain again. It was finally was signed over to the United States-along with what's now Mississippi -in the 1795 Treaty of San Lorenzo. In 1819 Alabama became a U.S. state. It would leave the Union in 1861, and rejoin after the Civil War.

In the 1950s and 60s, Alabama was at the center of the civil rights movement. Rosa Parks refused to give up her seat on a bus to a white man in Montgomery. Many protests against segregation followed, often led by Martin Luther King, Jr.

WHY'S IT CALLED THAT?

The state's name comes from the Alabama tribe, one of the Native American groups from that area.

"Dixie" is a nickname for the southern states, especially the Confederate states, which left the Union during the Civil War. Alabama is called the Heart of Dixie because Montgomery, Alabama, was the first Confederate capital.

GEOGRAPHY AND LANDFORMS

This southern state is bordered by Tennessee in the north, Georgia in the east, Florida and Mobile Bay in the south, and Mississippi in the west.

The Highland Rim in the northwest is where you'll find the Tennessee River valley, while the Cumberland Plateau in the northeast is named for its flat-topped plateaus. Just southeast is the Appalachian Ridge and Valley, which includes the Coosa River and iron-rich Red Mountain. The Piedmont Upland, in the central eastern part of the state, is a hilly area with Alabama's highest peak, the 2,407-foot Cheaha Mountain. The rest of the state is called the East Gulf Coastal Plain, which contains both flatlands and hills plus the Alabama, the state's largest river at 314 miles long.

Two of North America's rarest species-the Perdido Key beach mouse and the Alabama beach mouse-hide out in Alabama. Coyotes, armadillos, deer, feral pigs, and American alligators also roam the land. Birds such as kites, bald eagles, and hawks dot the skies, and the Gulf Coast waterdog and the 20-inch eastern hellbender-the biggest salamander species by weight in North America-are underfoot.

Bamboo and mistletoe grow in the state as well as other parts of the country, but the carnivorous Alabama canebrake pitcher plant, the Alabama gladecress, and the Cahaba prairie-clover can only be found here. The state's hundred-plus types of trees include pines, red cedars, magnolias, and live oaks, which are often draped with long, gray Spanish moss.

NATURAL RESOURCES

About 70 percent of Alabama is covered in forests, so it's no wonder the state is known for its timber. Alabama's vast forests would cover Rhode Island, Delaware, Massachusetts, New Jersey, and Connecticut!

Alabama is also rich in limestone, coal, and iron ore, which are the three raw materials needed to make steel. In fact Alabama is home to three of the nation's top pipe-making companies.

-Famous Alabamans include country singer Hank Williams, educator Booker T. Washington, inventor George Washington Carver, jazz singer Nat "King" Cole, and author Harper Lee.

-Visit Ivy Green, the birthplace of Helen Keller, and touch the pump where the activist, who was born deaf and blind, first learned the word "water."

-Tour the White House of the Confederacy in Montgomery, where the Confederate president Jefferson Davis lived for a period of time during the Civil War.

-NASA's Marshall Space Flight Center is in Huntsville. Tour the nearby U.S. Space and Rocket Center, the world's largest spaceflight museum-and home to Space Camp.

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Get facts and photos about the 22nd state.

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Several species of azaleas are native to Georgia and the southeast.

The first people arrived in what is now Georgia at least 13,000 years ago. By 1,000 B.C. Native American tribes including the Apalachee, Cherokee, and Choctaw lived here.

In 1733 Georgia was established as the 13th colony, and in 1788 it became the fourth U.S. state. But at the start of the Civil War in 1861, Georgia left the Union and wouldn't return until the end of the war in 1865.

WHY'S IT CALLED THAT?

Georgia was named after King George II, who approved the colony's charter in 1732.

Wonder how Georgia got its nickname? Cherokee Indians grew peaches in Georgia in the mid-1700s, and today the state produces about 2.6 million bushels a year, making it the third biggest producer of peaches in the United States, behind California and South Carolina.

GEOGRAPHY AND LANDFORMS

Georgia is bordered by Tennessee in the north, South Carolina and the Atlantic Ocean in the east, Florida in the south, and Alabama in the west.

In the northwest corner of the state is the Appalachian Plateau, with deep caves and the 2,393-foot-tall Lookout Mountain. East and south of the Plateau region is the Valley and Ridge region, which has steep, rocky ridges above fertile valleys.

In the northeast corner of the state are the Blue Ridge Mountains, with Georgia's highest peak soaring to 4,784 feet. The center of the state is the Piedmont region, with valleys, low hills, and forests full of oak, hickory, and poplar trees.

To the south is the Atlantic Coastal Plain, with rivers, waterfalls, and beaches. It's also home to the 700-square-mile Okefenokee Swamp. Full of twisting waterways, cypress trees, and alligators, the swamp is the largest in North America. Island-hoppers can take a quick drive to four of Georgia's barrier islands (Sea, Jekyll, Tybee, and St. Simons), or sail across salt marshes to discover more remote islands.

Black bears, bobcats, deer, and gophers are common in Georgia, and off the coast you can spot manatees, right whales, and humpback whales. Georgia is also home to bald eagles, peregrine falcons, and woodpeckers.

Some trees you're likely to see include live oak trees, magnolias, cottonwoods, sugar maples, and gum trees. But what's that spooky-looking vine all over them? It's Spanish moss, and it depends on trees for its water and nutrients. It doesn't kill the tree, but the moss can shade the tree's leaves and can sometimes cause branches to break off. Kudzu is another common vine, and this one is a really bad neighbor. This invasive species is sometimes called "the plant that ate the South" because of the way it grows up and over anything in its path, blocking sunlight and eventually smothering it.

NATURAL RESOURCES

With over half the state covered in pine trees and more commercial forestland than any other state, it's no wonder Georgia is known for its lumber, resins, and turpentine, which all come from trees.

Georgia grows the most peanuts in the United States, and it's also the country's largest producer of kaolin clay, which is often used in paper-making and beauty products.

-Visit Radium Springs, natural hot springs that flow from the ground at 70,000 gallons a minute.

-President Jimmy Carter and Martin Luther King, Jr. lived here.

-Take a horse-drawn carriage ride in the city of Savannah to see cobbled streets, beautiful parks, and 18th-century architecture.

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Several species of azaleas are native to Georgia and the southeast. The first people arrived in what is now Georgia at least 13,000 years ago. By 1,000 B.C. Native American tribes including the Apalachee, Cherokee, and Choctaw lived here. In 1733 Georgia was established as the 13th colony, and in 1788 it became the fourth U.S.

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Have you ever tasted an Arab taco?

When was the Arab taco invented?

What is shawarma?

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How are currency exchange rates determined?

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Which of the following is usually NOT a factor in determining currency exchange rates?

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Where the Wonders of Learning Never Cease | Wonderopolis

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Where the Wonders of Learning Never Cease

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Ready for a ride on the river? How about a through the French Quarter? A cup of chicory coffee and a sure sounds good about now. Maybe we could listen to some, too. Where can we do all this? The Big , of course!

"The Big " is a for the city of New Orleans. Located along the southern bayous of Louisiana where the mighty Mississippi River meets the Gulf of Mexico, New Orleans is an American city like no other.

New Orleans is famous for many things, including its French architecture , , , and annual Mardi Gras festival. In New Orleans, many cultures and languages collide to form one of the most cities in America.

So where did "The Big " come from? There are many theories on its . One of the earliest is that it's related to the rich of New Orleans. As a popular center for and blues , good musicians had a really time making a living in the clubs and restaurants of the city.

Musicians weren't the only ones who could easily find work in New Orleans, though. The city's size, coupled with its river trade and entertainment venues, allowed many people to find work. Moreover, the city's cost of living has often been relatively low compared to other major U.S. cities.

A comfortable standard of living combined with the usually relaxed and attitude of many of its citizens might have also led to "The Big " becoming a popular for New Orleans. For such a city, though, it probably won't surprise you to learn that it has several other popular nicknames.

Given the shape of the Mississippi River as it winds its way through and around New Orleans, the city also is often called the City. "America's Most Interesting City" can be found on the welcome signs at the city limits.

Because of the many movies and television shows filmed in the area, New Orleans is sometimes called Hollywood South. It also shares many cultural similarities with the Caribbean islands, leading some to call New Orleans "The Northernmost Caribbean City."

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Ready for a ride on the river? How about a through the French Quarter? A cup of chicory coffee and a sure sounds good about now. Maybe we could listen to some, too. Where can we do all this? The Big , of course! "The Big " is a for the city of New Orleans.

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What comes to mind when you think of Florida? You might think of sunshine, oranges, and beaches. You may even picture theme parks full of rides and games. However, visitors to southern Florida might have different memories. They would think of crocodiles, panthers, and swamps. That's because southern Florida is home to the Everglades!

The Everglades is a huge . It stretches from central Florida to the state's southern tip. Scientists the Everglades covers over two million !

Where does all that water come from? Florida is surrounded by ocean, but the water in the Everglades is from rain. Florida's wet season sees up to 60 inches of rain. This causes the shallow Lake Okeechobee to overflow. Water from the lake floods the land above a wide, underground shelf.

Water moving along the shelf forms a river. If you're imagining a strong current of quick-moving water, think again! This river is over 60 miles wide and 100 miles long. It moves very slowly. Watching it, some people can't tell it's moving at all. In fact, the water only moves about a half-mile each day. It takes water leaving Lake Okeechobee months to reach Florida Bay.

This slow-moving river creates the Everglades. The area includes miles of swamps, prairies, and forests. Its sawgrass marshes have earned it the nickname "River of Grass." These diverse make the Everglades home to a variety of wildlife.

Have you ever seen a Florida panther? Do you know the difference between crocodiles and alligators? You can learn about all of these animals in the Everglades. Other animals who call the area home include snakes, manatees, and dolphins. You can find 350 species of birds in the region's forests!

Humans have hurt the Everglades. We have drained away much of the wetlands to make the land usable for building. The size of the Everglades has been cut down a lot. Many have been ruined, which hurts the animals who lived there.

Today, people are working harder to protect the Everglades. Much of the area is part of Everglades National Park. That means it's protected by the U.S. government. It is also a UNESCO World Heritage site and a of International Importance. This means more people are watching what happens in the Everglades. Hopefully, we can keep the wetlands around for the future.

The next time you visit the Sunshine State, consider heading down to the Everglades. It may not be a beach or theme park, but this natural attraction can be just as much fun! The Everglades is one of the most beautiful and diverse natural regions in the United States.

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What comes to mind when you think of Florida? You might think of sunshine, oranges, and beaches. You may even picture theme parks full of rides and games. However, visitors to southern Florida might have different memories. They would think of crocodiles, panthers, and swamps. That's because southern Florida is home to the Everglades!

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Newsela is an Instructional Content Platform that supercharges reading engagement and learning in every subject.

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Improve your students' reading comprehension with ReadWorks. Access thousands of high-quality, free K-12 articles, and create online assignments with them for your students.

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Figure 1: Average Temperatures and Precipitation 1971-2000. (NCDC Data)

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The Cherokee Indians -- Native Americans

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The Cherokee is the biggest native American tribe in the US numbering 140.000 Cherokee people. There are still 10.400 native Cherokee speakers living in America. Their language is an Iroquoian language. In the 19th century, historians and ethnographers recorded their oral tradition that told of the tribe having migrated south in ancient times from the Great Lakes region, where other Iroquoian-speaking peoples were located.

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Population in the U.S. - Google Public Data Explorer

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Biography Please note: The audio information from the video is included in the text below.

George Washington Carver by Arthur Rothstein

Occupation: Scientist and educator

Born: January 1864 in Diamond Grove, Missouri

Died: January 5, 1943 in Tuskegee, Alabama

Best known for: Discovering many ways to use the peanut

Biography:

Where did George grow up?

George was born in 1864 on a small farm in Diamond Grove, Missouri. His mother Mary was a slave owned by Moses and Susan Carver. One night slave raiders came and stole George and Mary from the Carvers. Moses Carver went searching for them, but only found George left by the side of the road.

George was raised by the Carvers. Slavery had been abolished by the13th amendment and the Carvers had no children of their own. They took care of George and his brother James like their own children teaching them to read and write.

Growing up George liked to learn about things. He was especially interested in animals and plants. He also liked to read the Bible.

Going to School

George wanted to go to school and learn more. However, there weren't any schools for black children close enough to home for him to attend. George ended up traveling around the midwest in order to go to school. He eventually graduated from high school in Minneapolis, Kansas.

George enjoyed science and art. He initially thought he may want to be an artist. He took some art classes at Simpson College in Iowa where he really enjoyed drawing plants. A teacher of his suggested he combine his love for science, art, and plants and study to become a botanist. A botanist is a scientist that studies plants.

George enrolled in Iowa State to study botany. He was the first African-American student at Iowa State. After earning a bachelor's degree in science, he continued on and earned his master's degree as well. George became known as an expert in botany from the research he conducted at the school.

Professor Carver

After getting his masters, George began to teach as a professor at Iowa State. He was the first African-American professor at the college. However, in 1896 George was contacted byBooker T. Washington. Booker had opened an all-black college in Tuskegee, Alabama. He wanted George to come teach at his school. George agreed and moved to Tuskegee to head up the agricultural department. He would teach there for the rest of his life.

Crop Rotation

One of the main crops in the south was cotton. However, growing cotton year after year can remove nutrients from the soil. Eventually, the cotton crop will grow weak. Carver taught his students to use crop rotation. One year they would grow cotton, followed by other crops such as sweet potatoes and soybeans. By rotating the crops the soil stayed enriched.

Carver's research and education into crop rotation helped the farmers of the south be more successful. It also helped to diversify the products that they produced.

The Peanut

Another problem for farmers was the boll weevil. This insect would eat cotton and destroy their crops. Carver discovered that boll weevils don't like peanuts. However, farmers weren't so sure that they could make a good living off of peanuts. Carver began to come up with products that could be made from peanuts. He introduced hundreds of new peanut products including cooking oil, dyes for clothing, plastics, fuel for cars, and peanut butter.

George working in his lab
Source: USDA

In addition to his work with peanuts, Carver invented products that could be made from other important crops such as the soybean and sweet potato. By making these crops more profitable, farmers could rotate their crops and get more production from their land.

An Expert on Agriculture

Carver became known around the world as an expert on agriculture. He advisedPresident Theodore Roosevelt and the U.S. Congress on matters of agriculture. He even worked with Indian leader Mahatma Gandhi to help with growing crops in India.

Legacy

George Washington Carver was known throughout the south as the "farmer's best friend". His work on crop rotation and innovative products helped many farmers to survive and make a good living. His interest was in science and helping others, not in getting rich. He didn't even patent most of his work because he considered his ideas as gifts from God. He thought they should be free to others.

George died on January 5, 1943 after falling down the stairs at his home. Later, congress would name January 5th as George Washington Carver Day in his honor.

George working at the Tuskegee Institute
Source: Library of Congress

Interesting Facts about George Washington Carver

Growing up George had been known as Carver's George. When he started school he went by George Carver. He later added the W in the middle telling his friends it stood for Washington.

People in the south at the time called peanuts "goobers".

Carver would sometimes take his classes out to the farms and teach farmers directly what they could do to improve their crops.

His nickname later in life was the "Wizard of Tuskegee".

He wrote up a pamphlet called "Help for Hard Times" that instructed farmers on what they could do to improve their crops.

It takes over 500 peanuts to make one 12-ounce jar of peanut butter.

Activities

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Biography Please note: The audio information from the video is included in the text below. George Washington Carver by Arthur Rothstein Occupation: Scientist and educator Born: January 1864 in Diamond Grove, Missouri Died: January 5, 1943 in Tuskegee, Alabama Best known for: Discovering many ways to use the peanut Biography: Where did George grow up?

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Instantly access 25,000 high-quality books for kids

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Instant access to thousands of great kids books.

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Kids learn about the history of Jim Crow Laws including segregation in the South, example laws, grandfather clauses, black codes, and how they got the name Jim Crow.

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The gap was formed by the development of three major structural features: the Pine Mountain Thrust Sheet, the Middlesboro Syncline, and the Rocky Face Fault. Lateral compressive forces of sedimentary rocks from deep layers of the Earth's crust pushing upward 320 to 200 million years ago created the thrust sheet.

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Uploaded by jenrichardson11 on 2016-11-20.

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Kids learn about the Trail of Tears including when it took place, relocation of Native American tribes, the forced march of the Cherokee, the aftermath, and interesting facts.

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History >> Civil Rights for Kids

African-American Civil Rights Movement

March on Washington Aug 28, 1963
from the United States Information Agency

The African-American Civil Rights Movement was an ongoing fight for racial equality that took place for over 100 years after the Civil War. Leaders such asMartin Luther King, Jr., Booker T. Washington, and Rosa Parks paved the way for non-violent protests which led to changes in the law. When most people talk about the "Civil Rights Movement" they are talking about the protests in the 1950s and 1960s that led to the Civil Rights Act of 1964.

Background

The Civil Rights Movement has its background in the abolitionist movement before theCivil War. Abolitionists were people that thought slavery was morally wrong and wanted it to come to an end. Before the Civil War, many of the northern states had outlawed slavery. During the Civil War, Abraham Lincoln freed the enslaved with the Emancipation Proclamation. After the war, slavery was made illegal with the thirteenth amendment to the U.S. Constitution.

Segregation and the Jim Crow Laws

Jim Crow Drinking Fountain
by John Vachon

After the Civil War, many southern states continued to treat African-Americans as second class citizens. They implemented laws that kept black people separate from white people. These laws became known as Jim Crow laws. They required separate schools, restaurants, restrooms, and transportation based on the color of a person's skin. Other laws prevented many black people from voting.

Early Protests

In the early 1900s, black people began to protest the Jim Crow laws that southern states were implementing to enforce segregation. Several African-American leaders such as W.E.B. Du Bois and Ida B. Wells joined together to found the NAACP in 1909. Another leader, Booker T. Washington, helped to form schools to educate African-Americans in order to improve their status in society.

The Movement Grows

The civil rights movement gained momentum in the 1950s when theSupreme Court ruled that segregation in schools was illegal in the case of Brown v. Board of Education. Federal troops were brought in to Little Rock, Arkansas to allow the Little Rock Nine to attend a previously all white high school.

Major Events in the Movement

The 1950's and early 1960's brought about several major events in the fight for the civil rights of African-Americans. In 1955, Rosa Parks was arrested for not giving up her seat on the bus to a white passenger. This sparked the Montgomery Bus Boycott which lasted for over a year and brought Martin Luther King, Jr. to the forefront of the movement. King led a number of non-violent protests including the Birmingham Campaign and the March on Washington.

Lyndon Johnson signing Civil Rights Act
by Cecil Stoughton

Civil Rights Act of 1964

In 1964, the Civil Rights Act was signed into law byPresident Lyndon Johnson. This act outlawed segregation and the Jim Crow laws of the south. It also outlawed discrimination based on race, national background, and gender. Although there were still many issues, this law gave the NAACP and other organizations a strong base on which to fight discrimination in the courts.

Voting Rights Act of 1965

In 1965, another law was passed called the Voting Rights Act. This law said that citizens could not be denied the right to vote based on their race. It outlawed literacy tests (a requirement that people be able to read) and poll taxes (a fee that people had to pay to vote).

Interesting Facts about the African-American Civil Rights Movement

The Civil Rights Act was originally proposed by President John F. Kennedy.

The 1968 Civil Rights Act, also known as the Fair Housing Act, outlawed discrimination in the selling or renting of housing.

The National Civil Rights Museum in Memphis, Tennessee was once the Lorraine Motel, where Martin Luther King, Jr. was shot and killed in 1968.

Today, African-Americans have been elected or appointed to the highest positions in the U.S. government including Secretary of State (Colin Powell and Condoleezza Rice) and President (Barack Obama).

Activities

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History >> Civil Rights for Kids

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Kids learn about the history of the African-American Civil Rights Movement including segregation, Jim Crow laws, protests, Martin Luther King, and the passage of the Civil Rights Act.

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American Indian culture of the Southeast

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The dominant Mississippian culture of the Southeast signaled agricultural success and urban development for a variety of Native American groups.