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*the ability to give back some independence to disabled patients
*improved safety and strength to healthcare workers
*improved safety for patients during transfers by staff
*can be used in search and rescue in disaster situations
Cons
*limited availability world wide
*price
*Appearance is clumsy and uncomfortable looking
*user will need specialized training on the use and management of the device

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Technology can be friend or foe. As humans develop and recreate devices that will make everyday life easier, or help the disabled, the self sufficient compensatory mechanisms decline. Technology has a wonderful place in our future as long as we do not lose our humanity.  A robot can not replace personal touch or adapt to individual needs.

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Kawamato, H., Kamibayashi, K., Nakata, Y., Yamawaki, K., Ariyasu, R., Sankai, M., Eguchi, K., & Ochiai, N. (2013). Pilot study of locomotion improvement using hybrid assistive limbs in chronic stroke patients.  BMC Neurology. 13 (141).

McGonigle, D., & Mastrian, K. (2018).  Nursing informatics and the foundation of knowledge.  (4th ed.). Burlington, MA: Jones & Bartlett.

Van Wynsberghe, A. (2013) Designing Robots for Care: Care Centered Value-Sensitive Design. Science and Engineering Ethics, 19, 407-433.

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When a person attempts to move their body, nerve signals are sent from the brain to the muscles through the motor neurons, moving the musculoskeletal system. When this happens, small biosignals can be detected on the surface of the skin. The HAL suit registers these signals through a sensor attached to the skin of the wearer. Based on the signals obtained, the power unit moves the joint to support and amplify the wearer's motion. The HAL suit possesses a cybernic control system consisting of both a user-activated “voluntary control system" known as Cybernic Voluntary Control (CVC) and a “robotic autonomous control system" known as Cybernic Autonomous Control (CAC) for automatic motion support.

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Cyberdyne HAL Exoskeleton Robot Suit - On this video we are looking at the Cyberdyne, HAL Exoskelton Robot Suit! Robo Phil Website - http://www.robophil.com Robot Center - http://www.robotcenter.co.uk Welcome, and on this video we are doing product review for the HAL Exoskeleton Robot Suit, by Cyberdyne Robotics!

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Currently, Japan is the only country where it is available.

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Cyberdyne began renting the HAL suit out for medical purposes in 2008. By October 2012, over 300 HAL suits were in use by 130 medical facilities and nursing homes across Japan. The suit is available for institutional rental, in Japan only.
The price varies with the type of HAL that is needs:
*double leg: About $5000 installation fee and a rental fee of about $1600 per year.
*single leg: About $3600 installation fee and rental fee of about $1200 per year.

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Medical Hybrid Assistive Limb (HAL) Cyberdyne 

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Medical Hybrid Assistive Limb (HAL) Cyberdyne 

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HAL is a cyborg type robot used to support and expand capabilities of the human body.
CYBERDYNE, Inc. develops products and services based on cybernic technologies in the fields of medicine, welfare, personal care, business and labor support.             CYBERDYNE, Inc. was founded in 2004 by Yoshiyuki Sankai, of the University of Tsukuba in Ibaraki Prefecture, Japan, who established cybernics, a field that is defined as the fusion of humans, robots and information systems.

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Cyberdyne's robot suit HAL to keep people walking

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HAL is designed to assist the disabled and elderly in their daily tasks, but can also be used to support workers with physically demanding jobs such as healthcare staff, disaster rescue or construction.
HAL is mainly used by disabled patients in hospitals, and can be modified so that patients can use it for longer-term rehabilitation. In addition, scientific studies have shown that, in combination with specially-created therapeutic games, powered exoskeletons like the HAL-5 can stimulate cognitive activities and help disabled children walk while playing. Further scientific studies have shown that HAL Therapy can be effectively used for rehabilitation after spinal cord injury or stroke.
HAL is a robotics device that allows a care worker to lift a patient with more stability and strength and helps prevent injuries to nurses.

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A trial was conducted in ten facilities to target slow, progressive, rare neuromuscular diseases: *spinal muscular atrophy, *spinobulbar muscular atrophy, *amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, *Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease, *distal myopathy, inclusion body myositis, congenital myopathy and muscular dystrophy.

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According to McDonigle and Mastrian (2018), "robotic technologies are being increasingly tested for safety and efficiency uses.  A robot designed to assist with patient lifting provides increased safety for both patients and clinicians" (pp. 312).
Patient safety is of the utmost priority in healthcare.  Technology can help reduce errors and increase safety for healthcare professionals, but the ability to use and manage this technology needs to be improved.
Human inputting activities must raise the appropriate issues and solutions. Nurse informatics must be involved throughout the process to ensure patient safety and reduce errors (McGonigle & Mastrian, 2018).