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Black metal emerged in the late 80s and was developed in the early 90s, inspired by mid-80's extreme heavy metal bands such as Celtic Frost, Hell hammer and perhaps most importantly-Venom.
Venom's use of fast tempos, satanic imagery and lyrics were incredibly influential on the genres was their aesthetic.
Black metal also had its roots in the DIY ethics of hardcore punk and borrowed musically from many "D-Beat" and early "Crust Punk" bands like Discharge.
Black metal would develop into a raw, aggressive sub genre of Heavy Metal characterized by very fast tempos (140-240+BPM), "blast beats" and double kick pedals on the drums, heavily distorted, nasally tremolo picked guitar lines which are either atonal or use dissonant harmonies and "shrieked" vocals.
Black metal would later take influence from a variety of other genres and form further subgenres including Neo-classical Metal (Children of Bodom) Death metal (behemoth), ambient music (Gris) and progressive rock (Opeth/Cormorant)

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Black metal was inherently hard to access, with an extremely aggressive, raw and dissonant sound with an almost equally extreme aesthetic for its fans, combine this with a strong anti christian lyrical sentiment, satanic imagery, links to both murders and church burning ensures black metals mainstream appeal was fairly limited.
Black Metal, especially in Norway and Scandinavia has strong ties with anti christian movements, paganism and Norse religious revivalism. It has also been linked to far right political groups, racism and Neo-nazi movements.
Black metal offered an uncompromising musical outlet for both extreme metal fans and practitioners of "outsider music".
Black metal has often been demonized further by media outlets, religious groups due to its stance, style and affiliations.
The genre gained fairly widespread in the 90s through bands touring, sensationalist magazine articles and media coverage, this inevitably led to groups who performed variations of the style but achieved fairly widespread appraisal in this industry, this was a contradiction for those involved in the black metal community as they firmly believed that the genre should remain underground and shouldn't be appropriated by mainstream media outlets. This led to the term "posers" being applied to various bands (after the 3rd wave of black metal) by members of the scene.
whilst Black Metal didn't have a specific uniform, the use of "corpse paint" along with gruesome stage theatrics, leather, spikes, medieval weapons and armor became associated with the scene.

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The following song is "Freezing Moon" by Norwegian Black Metal outfit Mayhem, they would later become one of the most influential and popular bands of the genre and their 1993 album De Mysteriis Dom Sathanas is seen as one of the high points of the genre and its development.
Mayhem were infamous for their atmospheric live shows and history surrounding the band, from their vocalist "Deads" suicide (which they later released photos of his corpse as a bootleg album cover), to allegations of church burning, to the murder of their guitarist "Euronymous" by fellow Norwegian Black Metal artist Varg Vikernes.
The music is fairly typical of black metal, the use of heavily distorted, thin sounding guitars playing dissonant arpeggios, tribal drumming/blast beat techniques, combined with "shrieked" vocals and raw production.
The musics emphasis is generally on creating an atmosphere of dread and fear rather than conveying a specific message.

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Burzum are also an interesting take on black metal, whilst in prison for Euronymous's murder, Varg Vikernes began playing keyboards and including them into his compositions. The following recording is not typical black metal, using a slower tempo, an unusual drumbeat for a black metal song and keyboards, Varg managed to fuse the worlds of Black Metal and Dark Ambient music, again the emphasis is on atmosphere in this composition, using dissonance, arpeggiations and shrieked vocals to create this.
Vargs work as a multi-instrumentalist within Black metal, especially with his "outsider music-esque" influences resulted in his works influencing various other musicians to do the same, spawning one man black metal projects such as Xasthur and Leviathan.

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Cormorant are a Black Metal band formed in 2007 in California, they are known for their influence from progressive rock and metal, they provide an interesting offshoot of the genre, whilst still retaining the blast beats, double kick drumming, shrieked vocals and thin, heavily distorted guitars that the genre is known for, they have developed upon it, adding in unusual rhythms/metres, long, intricate compositions, complex guitar harmonies and other traits of progressive music.
The bands location and date of foundation are also of interest showing the extent of black metals influence, from what started as an underground movement in Norway in the 1980s, to an internationally recognized music form with its own distinct traits which has (in this instance) become amalgamated with an entirely contrasting form of music (progressive rock).

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Cormorant "Diaspora" - Track 1: "Preserved in Ash"

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Preserved in Ash is the first track off "Diaspora" by Cormorant Released August 11, 2017 in 2 LP (160gm color smash), CD and digital formats Order at: cormorant.bandcamp.com © Cormorant Music 2017, All Rights Reserved.

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Black Metals use of technology isnt particularly notable, whilst using the typical Rock music instrumentation, the use of modulation and effects are few within the genre, many artists preferring to keep their sound as raw and dry as possible.
Black Metal recordings are notorious for their production quality, this is due to many of the bands wanting to remain underground and away from the mainstream, this is also to do with the sound and sonic aesthetics of the genre

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Black Metal gigs are known for their focus on atmosphere and Theatrics, "Dead" from Mayhem was known to be one of the innovators of what became known as "Corpse Paint", he also would bury his clothes, dig them up on the night of a gig and wear them for aesthetic purposes. Other stage practices included; pyrotechnics, brandishing of weapons on stage, use of fake blood, mutilation of animal carcasses/body parts, self mutilation, mocking christian imagery or ideals, etc.

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Burned out church from Oslo/Burzum album cover

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Burned out church from Oslo/Burzum album cover

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Photo of Mayhem front man "Dead" wearing "corpse paint", this was done to make the individual look like a corpse and add a sense of theatrics to live performances.

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Documentary on black metal and the culture surrounding it

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Until the Light Takes Us - Full Documentary (2009) 720p HD

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Until the Light Takes Us - Full Documentary (2009) 720p HD SUBSCRIBE HERE: http://bit.ly/1bMwCCa Until the Light Takes Us is a 2008 American documentary film about Norwegian black metal, from directors Aaron Aites and Audrey Ewell. Until the Light Takes Us was released on December 4, 2009.

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Black Metal has become a source of influence for many modern and diverse groups, from its guitar and vocal sounds being imitated by hardcore punk groups (Oathbreaker/Superjoint ritual/Leftover Crack) to alternative music outfits taking heavy influence from the style (DEAFHAVEN their Sunbather album) to even experimental artists such as Sunn O))).