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Emotional Abuse is the ongoing maltreatment of a child. Emotional abuse can sometimes be called psychological abuse.

The long term effects of emotional abuse is that it can seriously harm the child's emotional needs. This is because when a child receives emotional abuse they believe that they are worthless or unloved. This will mean that the child may find it hard to express their views as they are scared to be made fun of.

Another long term effects of emotional abuse is that the way the way they interact and developed is quicker than most children. This is because as a child they will be limited to exploring and learning like most children there age and it also may prevent children from participating in children activties

Emotional abuse is the second most common reason for children needing to be protected from abuse in the UK. Nearly 2000 children were identified as needing from emotional abuse last year.

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Child sexual exploitation is a type of sexual abuse.
Over 2,400 children were victims of sexual exploitation in gangs and groups from August 2010 to October 2011.
The most common reasons for children to be trafficked are labour exploitation and sexual exploitation.
Over 360 children were trafficked for sexual exploitation last year.
Short term effects of sexual exploitation:

anal or vaginal soreness

an unusual discharge

sexually transmitted infection (STI)

pregnancy

a child might become sexually active at a young age

they might be promiscuous

they could use sexual language or know information that you wouldn't expect them to.

Long term edffects of sexual exploitation:

they might avoid being alone with people, such as family members or friends

they could seem frightened of a person or reluctant to socialise with them.

low self-esteem

depression/suicidal thoughts or attempts

drug and alcohol abuse

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The official statistics can not be accurate as not crimes are disclosed by the victims
1 in 20 children have been sexually abused in the UK. Over 2,900 children have been identified as needed protection from sexual abuse. 1 in 3 children have been sexually abused by an adult and don't tell anyone about it. Over 90% of sexually abused children were abused by somebody they know. Disabled are 3 times more likely to be abused than non disabled children. There are nearly 30,000 registered offenders that have been convicted of offences against children.
The long term affects of sexual abuse can include mental health for example anxiety and depression and behavioural problems such as criminal activities. Interpersonal and social issues for example withdrawal from society or self neglect and can effect the child's education, physical health and brain development.
Chances are children will show us something is wrong instead of telling us therefor we need to be aware of the indicators such as
inappropriate sexual behaviour for their age.
Nightmares or sleeping problems
Becoming either withdrawn or very clingy.
Self harm
Having a new older friend and sudden unexplained gifts or money.
Personality changes or mood swings for example being insecure.
Using adult worlds for body parts with no obvious source.
Not wanting be alone with a particular adult.
There can be physical signs for example pain and discolouration

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- Neglect is the ongoing failure to meet a child's basic needs and is the most common form of child abuse.

A child may be left hungry or dirty, without adequate clothing, shelter, supervision, medical or health care.
A child may be put in danger or not protected from physical or emotional harm.
They may not get the love, care and attention they need from their parents.
A child who's neglected will often suffer from other abuse as well. Neglect is dangerous and can cause serious, long-term damage - even death.

- 1 in 10 children experience neglect
- Over 26,000 children were identified as needing protection from neglect in 2016
- Neglect is the most common reason for taking child protection action
- 33% of contacts to the NSPCC’s helpline were concerns about neglect
- The NSPCC’s helpline responded to over 19,000 contacts about neglect in 2016/17
- 42% of the concerns that the NSPCC’s helpline referred to police orchildren’s services related to neglect
- Neglect is a factor in 60% of serious case reviews

Children who have been neglected may experience short-term and long-term effects that last throughout their life.
Children who don’t get the love and care they need from their parents may find it difficult to maintain healthy relationships with other people later in life, including their own children.
Children who have been neglected are more likely to experience mental health problems including depression and post-traumatic stress disorder.
Young people may also take risks, such as running away from home, breaking the law, abusing drugs or alcohol, or getting involved in dangerous relationships - putting them at risk from sexual exploitation.

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Online abuse is any type of abuse which occurs on the internet, whether it is via social networking, playing games which are online or using any technology such as iPads and mobile phones which have access to the internet. Children and young people may have first hand experience of cyber bullying, sexual abuse, emotional abuse or sexual exploitation. Online abuse can have several different effects on a child or young person as they may feel vulnerable and frightened. It can also affect their school work and cause them to become depressed, become anxious and develop other mental health problems. The different signs which may indicate a child or young person is experiencing online abuse is that they may be spending more or less time on the internet, isolate themselves, the child or young person become secretive about who they are talking to and when you approach them they may lash out or change the subject, may have new phone numbers / talking to new people or mention people they have never spoken about before.  (NSPCC, 2017)

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Online abuse is any type of abuse which occurs on the internet, whether it is via social networking, playing games which are online or using any technology such as iPads and mobile phones which have access to the internet. Children and young people may have first hand experience of cyber bullying, sexual abuse, emotional abuse or sexual exploitation. Online abuse can have several different effects on a child or young person as they may feel vulnerable and frightened. It can also affect their school work and cause them to become depressed, become anxious and develop other mental health problems. The different signs which may indicate a child or young person is experiencing online abuse is that they may be spending more or less time on the internet, isolate themselves, the child or young person become secretive about who they are talking to and when you approach them they may lash out or change the subject, may have new phone numbers / talking to new people or mention people they have never spoken about before.  (NSPCC, 2017)

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1 in 3 internet users are children and 1/5 8-11 year olds and 7/10 12-15 year olds have a social media profile of some sort. Out of these children 1 out of 4 of them have experienced something upsetting by any nature on a social media site and as a result of this 12,000 children called childline last year to discuss their issues with a Councillor. Statistics show that 1 in 3 children have been cyber bullied.
Acts that have been put in place in order to reduce the number of children being cyber bullied include.
Malicious communications act 1988 section 1A makes it an offence to send a communication with the intention of causing distress or anxiety for example a threat or racist remark and the communications act 2003 section 127  makes it an offence to send an electronic message that is grossly offensive or of an indecent, obscene or menacing character. An online groomer may not be covered by this law because they may send messages that aim to build up trust with a child.

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There were 1,200 victims of child trafficking last year

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Signs and indicators that abuse is happening 

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Signs and indicators that abuse is happening 

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Most times it is difficult to identify physical indicators of emotional abuse because changes in emotions are a normal part of growing up.
For babies and pre school childern

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Signs a child has been trafficked:
-rarely leaves the house
-spends a lot of time doing housework
-may not be registered with a school or GP
-gives prepared stories which is similar to other childrens
-isn't sure what country, city their in
-either has no documents or falsified documents
-no access to their parents or guardians
-injuries from workplace accidents

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According to nspcc.org.uk "1 in 3 potential victims of modern slavery referred to the  national referral mechanism (NRM) in 2016 were children".
https://www.nspcc.org.uk/preventing-abuse/child-abuse-and-neglect/child-trafficking/child-trafficking-facts-statistics/
The nspcc has dealt with over 1,900 cases of child trafficking since 2007.

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1)They can be overly affectionate with strangers or people they have not known for long
2)They can appear not to have a close relationship with their parents and they could have a change of mood when they get picked from the nursery by their parent
3)hey can turn out to be nasty and rude to animals and children

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I Didn’t Know campaign continues to raise awareness during half term

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The May half term holidays will see the successful I Didn't Know campaign being promoted in cinemas across Essex to further raise awareness of Child Sexual Exploitation (CSE), particularly among young people and their parents. The campaign aims to increase and support community understanding of CSE and demonstrate how to recognise it, and what to do to get help and support.

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25 Painfully Disturbing Facts About Human Trafficking

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70% of 8 to 17 year olds mentioned that they witnessed images and videos which were not suitable for their age. (Safer Internet, 2017

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70% of 8 to 17 year olds mentioned that they witnessed images and videos which were not suitable for their age. (Safer Internet, 2017

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The first years of a child's life have a big impact on how their brain develops. That is why neglect can be so damaging – a child's experiences can change their thought processes and neural pathways.
If a baby is malnourished, neural cells can become weak or damaged and this can cause lowered brain function.
If a child has a poor relationship, attachment or little interaction with a parent then it can change how their brain develops emotional and verbal pathways.
Neglect can severely alter the way a child's brain works. This can lead to an increased risk of depression in later life as well as dissociative disorders and memory impairments. Changes to the brain caused by neglect have also been linked to panic disorder, posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and attention deficit and hyperactivity disorder (ADHD).
A parent or carer's behaviour has a big impact on a child. It can also affect the relationship between parent and child.
This relationship, or bond, between a child and their primary caregiver - usually mum or dad but sometimes another family member or carer - is described by attachment theory.
When a child is neglected they don't usually have a good relationship or bond with their parent. Psychologists would describe this as a poor attachment.
Poor attachment can significantly affect the relationships that people have throughout their lives, including how they interact with their own children. Early intervention can change attachment patterns, reducing harm to a child and helping them to form positive attachments in adulthood.

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Some of the short term affects on a victim can include: Severe depression, decrease in self esteem, being stressed or anxious about going places and performance drops in school. There can also be short term effects on the bully, these may include: The inability to keep a friendship, performance drop (more likely to drop out of school) a higher probability of abusing alcohol and drugs. Some of the long term effects on a victim may include: Continuous severe depression (could result in suicide), likely to abuse drugs and alcohol, psychological disorders. Long term effects on the bully can be: Less likely to maintain a long term relationship, more likely to commit a crime, abusing own family as an adult.

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1. Person may always seems sad and withdrawn

2. Low  self-esteem or self-worth
3. lack of sleep
4. May become anxious about socialising
4. Could affect their behaviour especially at school
5. Individuals grades and school work may drop

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factors:
-leaving a place of poverty to gain wealth (family may be trying to get out of their situation so they risk everything to leave the place that sees them mired in poverty, this makes the child vulnerable as they are bait to them, the traffickers lie in order to recruit them however in some cases parents may sell their children not just for money but in a hope that their children might escape poverty and have better opportunities.

-War (war creates a large number of orphans and street children who are especially vulnerable to trafficking. their families have either passed away or are fighting a war)

-Social and cultural practices (many societies and cultures devalue, abuse and exploit women and girls.

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There are many factors  which many influence individuals to commit sexual  abuse this can be due to
each person that sexually abuses a child is motivated by issues unique to the individual. Some abusers can understand that what they are doing is wrong and feel guilty about it others believe that their behaviour is normal and their actions shows their love for children.
Some people sexually abuse children in order to feel power and control especially if they dont feel this in their own relationships.
Some adults sexually abuse children this is due to them being primarily attracted to children however not all adult act on these feelings.
Some adults may abuse due to the fact that they have been abused in the past and are repeating the actions done to them.

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Consequences: Assembly for 11  16 year olds

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BSCB E Safety Sub Group - Sexting Secondary Version

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An education initiative from the UK's Child Exploitation and Online Protection Centre. Visit www.thinkuknow.co.uk for information on how to have fun online, stay in control and report any problems.

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Children may experience from sexual exploitation if they feel like their family is not giving them attention. If their friends are in relationships and they feel left out.If their self esteem is low and they feel like they are ugly then they may engage in order to seek attention.In some cases, young people are persuaded or forced into exchanging sexual activity for money, drugs, gifts, affection or statusIf they are hanging around with older groups.If they feel isolated.If they intake drugs and alcohol.If they have older boyfriends or girlfriends.

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Children may experience from sexual exploitation if they feel like their family is not giving them attention. If their friends are in relationships and they feel left out.If their self esteem is low and they feel like they are ugly then they may engage in order to seek attention.In some cases, young people are persuaded or forced into exchanging sexual activity for money, drugs, gifts, affection or statusIf they are hanging around with older groups.If they feel isolated.If they intake drugs and alcohol.If they have older boyfriends or girlfriends.