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In an academic situation, you will do a lot of your reading with a specific essay question in mind. When you are taking notes for a specific essay, it is a good idea to plan your research questions. This will help you to think about the questions you need to answer and make your reading and note taking more focused.

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Taking notes in your own words is important. It will help you avoid potential plagiarism. If you takes notes from a text using the same words, then repeat them in a essay, you could be plagiarizing by accident. Also, writing notes in your own words helps you understand what you are writing about, rather than just copying what you read.

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The texts about science often examine the reasons (or causes) why something happens and what happens as a  result (or effects). These causes and effects are usually clearly  indicted by signal words such a because, because of, cause, due to, a reason, result in. For example:
Cause effect
His experiments resulted in a thick, cloudy liquid.
Sometimes the cause and effects are reserved:
effect   cause
You can't make it at home because the recipe is still a secret.

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Pronouns are used instead of repeating the same word many times. They commonly refer backward to a name or idea, but tge can also refer forward. It is important to understand which idea the pronoun refers to in order to fully understand the text. These are some of the most commonly used pronounced.
People
he, she, we, you, they, who, them, my, your, her, his, our, their, me, him, her, his, our
Objects and ideas
it, this, these, those, that, there, its

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When you read a factual article, look for definitions of topic-specific vocabulary you are not familiar with. A signal can be a word or phrase, such as or, in other words, or that is, or punctuation, such as a comma, parentheses, or dashes.
Kathryn had found a supernova, or an exploting star.
The star become brighter than the rest of its galaxy - a huge system of stars and gases.

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You can organize your notes with a map showing relationships between the main ideas. Skim the text and write down a phrase that summarizes each main ideas. Leave room between each idea. Draw a box around each one. Then as you read more closely, add supporting details to your map. Write ten around each main idea and draw boxes around them. Then draw lines to connect details to the main idea.

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Scanning is a technique used when you are looking for specific information. It is important for you to practice this skill as academic reading is usually for a specific purpuse such as as answering an essay question. This skill will help you find information more quickly.