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Manipulation of textbooks:
The education manipulates your view on things and if you only learn one side of an event it´s difficult to create your own opinion of it. The textbooks tend to be manipulated by the view of the government or someone in position of power.

The uneven distribution of education:
It can be related to where you live and/or your ethnicity. Some ethnic groups have been denied access to education and therefore excluted from full participation in the economic and social life. The power of the state can become "ethnicized" that is, used to advance the interests of one group at the expense of others.

Denial of education as a weapon of war:
By denying children of education during a war we are including innocent children in the war and they have no say in that.

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Definition:
Education that self-consciously and systematically seek to have a positive peace-building impact.
It is heavily dependant on workshop training in meditation and negotiation skills, conflict management, non-competitive dialogue...

Goals:
-Process not a product
-Long-term
-Rely on local input
-Bottom to top
-Creates opportunites rather than  proposing solutions

In inter-group relations one size never fits all. Effectiveness is based on flexibility and responsiveness.

In opressive societies ruled by fear, the school system can be a force for change by sustaining hope, courage and imagination in the minds of students. In a militant society schools need peacebuilding education to demilitize children's minds who are used to violence.

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Peacebuilding is an activity that is ultimately defined by its impact.

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Peacebuilding is an activity that is ultimately defined by its impact.

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Peacebuilding education:
- is a process rather than a product
- is long-term rather than short-term
- relies on local, rather than external, inputs and resources
- seeks to create opportunities rather than impose solutions.

The goals of peacebuilding education is:
- demilitarization of the mind
- problematization
- articulation of alternatives
- changing the rules of the game
- delegitimation of violent force as a means of addressing problems
- re-membering and re-weaving the social and anthropological fabric
- nurturing non-violent, sustainable modalities of change.

1) The loss of childhood in militarized violence means that the gradual process of socialization, the development of confidence, and sense of responsibilities are short-circuited.

2) That is, peace- building education has a positive impact to the extent that it can alter the basic rules that guide the interaction of identity groups in all spheres of life – social, commercial, political, and so on.

3) Can teachers foster behaviour that is participatory and complementary instead of aggressive and competitive?

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Chloe, Jimin, Marianne, Lea, Jonathan:                                     - uneven distribution of education: "socialgroups – have been denied access to educationalresources and, therefore, excluded fromfull participation in the economic and social lifeof a country."; "dominant social groups use the educational system to secure their privilege across generations."

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Chloe, Jimin, Marianne, Lea, Jonathan:                                     - uneven distribution of education: "socialgroups – have been denied access to educationalresources and, therefore, excluded fromfull participation in the economic and social lifeof a country."; "dominant social groups use the educational system to secure their privilege across generations."

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- stereotyping in textbooks and manipulating them for political purposes: "“the construction of a version of history ...
which heightens the role of that group at the expense of the others ... Suppression of events
or cultural ideas ... viewed as subversive or divisive is also common"

-> also related to self-worth and self-esteem (e.g. apartheid education)

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Cultivating Inclusive Citizenship
Having common ground by constructing bond between civil society and state. Expanding process of inclusion by the idea of nations being multi-cultural identities.

Education for peace purpose
Schools should be democratic and inclusive. How can a critical education system be nurtured within non-democratic country?

Linguistic Tolerance
Immigrant children, or just kids with a mother language that differs from the language the majority of the country uses their mother tongue in class alongside with the other language.  Because of it, kids can be proud of their mother tongue and at the same time construct their national language.

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Peacebuilding education

Giraffe language vs wolf language

Understanding/listening language vs Agressive/criticising/judging language

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Problem of "all the time changings". Why should we really think of some changings in educational system for example? In one side, are we have enough knowledge, information, facts, etc to change something, we are not the first ones who think about that, and a lot of qualified specialists already tried to add or delete or to change something? In another side, If we will change something, will it be right? because whatever you do, everytime someone will be against this. And he will try to change it once more.

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Peacebuilding in Lebanon in only prominent on a college level with internships & volunteering in refugee camps. Refugees are not sufficiently intergrated.

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The disarming of history:young people realize that histories are constructed rather than given; children should be taught about history in an objective wayEducation for Peace Programmes:in order to create a Peacebuilding Education there need to be shared similarities between the political system of a nation & the educational system

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The disarming of history:young people realize that histories are constructed rather than given; children should be taught about history in an objective wayEducation for Peace Programmes:in order to create a Peacebuilding Education there need to be shared similarities between the political system of a nation & the educational system

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Linguistic tolerance:
sensitive handling of linguistic issues can contribute to the building of peaceful relations within and between different ethnic groups

Children need to feel integrated in the classroom -> therefore they should be allowed to use both their 1st and their 2nd language -> this also prevents language loss