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Home_Page - Flipped Learning Network Hub

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The "FLN" is the original non-profit online community for educators interested in learning more about the flipped classroom and flipped learning practices.

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Public Speaking

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Science Class Introduction

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PQRST Strategy

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What is an open letter?

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Teacher Agenda

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Amazingly Simple Graphic Design Software - Canva

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Planned and Perceived Obsolescence

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Excerpt from Story of Stuff with Questions

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Easily create beautiful interactive video lessons for your students you can integrate right into your LMS. Track students' progress with hassle-free analytics as you flip your classroom!

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Spanish pronunciation

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Easily create beautiful interactive video lessons for your students you can integrate right into your LMS. Track students' progress with hassle-free analytics as you flip your classroom!

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Properties of Water

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Easily create beautiful interactive video lessons for your students you can integrate right into your LMS. Track students' progress with hassle-free analytics as you flip your classroom!

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Evidence,Burden of Proof,12 Angry Men,Vocabulary,WHY 12?,BY REGINALD ROSE, Prosecutor,(sometimes a public defender),jury foreman,Motive,Hung Jury,Mistrial,Reasonable Doubt,Double Jeopardy,Acquittal,Plaintiff,Defense Attorney,Defendant,Jury Selection,Are juries disappearing?

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12 Angry Men Vocabulary by Kristina Ulmer on Genially

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Monologue

A monologue is a long speech made during a dramatic performance (play, movie, tv show, etc.) made to other characters.

Soliloquoy

A soliloquy is a long speech made during a dramatic performance (play, movie, tv show, etc.) in which the character speaks his inner thoughts aloud but only to himself.

Dramatic Speech

Aside

An aside is when a character in a dramatic performance (play, movie, tv show, etc.) speaks directly to the audience without other character hearing him. In film, this is called "breaking the fourth wall."

Dialogue

Dialogue in when two or more characters have a conversation.

Practice

Quiz

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Dialogue vs. Monologue vs. Soliloquy vs. Aside by Kristina Ulmer on Genially

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Monologue A monologue is a long speech made during a dramatic performance (play, movie, tv show, etc.) made to other characters. Soliloquoy A soliloquy is a long speech made during a dramatic performance (play, movie, tv show, etc.) in which the character speaks his inner thoughts aloud but only to himself.

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Histograms

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used InsertLearning to add questions, discussions, and/or insight into a website.

To view this lesson, you need to add the InsertLearning extension to Chrome.

Add to Chrome

You need a computer to view this lesson. Phones and tablets aren't supported.

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used InsertLearning to add questions, discussions, and/or insight into a website. To view this lesson, you need to add the InsertLearning extension to Chrome. Add to Chrome You need a computer to view this lesson. Phones and tablets aren't supported.

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What makes a hero?

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K. Ulmer used InsertLearning to add questions, discussions, and/or insight into a website.

To view this lesson, you need to add the InsertLearning extension to Chrome.

Add to Chrome

You need a computer to view this lesson. Phones and tablets aren't supported.

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InsertLearning Share - What Makes A Hero

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K. Ulmer used InsertLearning to add questions, discussions, and/or insight into a website. To view this lesson, you need to add the InsertLearning extension to Chrome. Add to Chrome You need a computer to view this lesson. Phones and tablets aren't supported.

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The American Flag

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used InsertLearning to add questions, discussions, and/or insight into a website.

To view this lesson, you need to add the InsertLearning extension to Chrome.

Add to Chrome

You need a computer to view this lesson. Phones and tablets aren't supported.

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used InsertLearning to add questions, discussions, and/or insight into a website. To view this lesson, you need to add the InsertLearning extension to Chrome. Add to Chrome You need a computer to view this lesson. Phones and tablets aren't supported.

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The Three Persuasive Appeals: Logos, Ethos, and Pathos

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Ancient Egypt

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Go back in time with Mumford the mummy and learn all about the geography and history of ancient Egypt!

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Public speaking skills

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Public Speaking Skills: Delivering a Presentation with PVLEGS

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Manipulating with Ethos | Piktochart Visual Editor

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Manipulating with Logos | Piktochart Visual Editor

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Manipulating with Pathos | Piktochart Visual Editor

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Health Hazards of Being Still by HOVR | Piktochart Visual Editor

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Online Video Editor: Free Video Maker | Adobe Spark

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Adobe Spark's free online video editor helps you easily create your own professional and custom videos in minutes, no design skills needed.

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The Scientific Method

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What we do

Backed by AT&T and Stanford's startX, PlayPosit is an online learning environment to create and share interactive video lessons. Teachers begin with any online video (screencasts, Khan Academy, TED, etc.) and transform what is traditionally passive content into an active experience for students, with time-embedded activities.

Awarded the "best open educational resource", PlayPosit is designed for K-corporate, flipped, and blended environments.

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What we do Backed by AT&T and Stanford's startX, PlayPosit is an online learning environment to create and share interactive video lessons. Teachers begin with any online video (screencasts, Khan Academy, TED, etc.) and transform what is traditionally passive content into an active experience for students, with time-embedded activities.

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Sentence fragments

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Animaker, Make Animated Videos on Cloud for free

We use cookies to provide a personalised experience for our users. Read more from our Cookie Policy. Got it

A platform for beginners, non-designers & professionals to create Animation
and Live-Action videos for every moment of our life

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Animaker, Make Animated Videos on Cloud for free

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Animaker, Make Animated Videos on Cloud for free We use cookies to provide a personalised experience for our users. Read more from our Cookie Policy. Got it A platform for beginners, non-designers & professionals to create Animation and Live-Action videos for every moment of our life Create your first Video Animaker's helped over 9M people create awesome videos by themselves!And is trusted by some of the world's leading brands.

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Easily create and share online forms and surveys, and analyze responses in real-time.

Create an online form as easily as creating a document

Select from multiple question types, drag-and-drop to reorder questions, and customize values as easily as pasting a list.

Send polished surveys and forms

Customize colors, images, and fonts to adjust the look and feel or reflect your organization's branding. And add custom logic that shows questions based on answers, for a more seamless experience.

Analyze responses with automatic summaries

See charts with response data update in real-time. Or open the raw data with Google Sheets for deeper analysis or automation.

Create and respond to surveys from anywhere

Access, create, and edit forms on-the-go, from screens big and small. Others can respond to your survey from wherever they are-from any mobile device, tablet, or computer.

Build forms and analyze results together

Add collaborators-just like with Google Docs, Sheets, and Slides-to build questions together in real-time. Then analyze results together without having to share multiple versions of the file.

Work with clean response data

Use built-in intelligence to set response validation rules. For example, ensure that email addresses are properly formatted or that numbers fall within a specified range.

Share forms via email, link, or website

It's easy to share forms with specific people or with a broad audience by embedding forms on your website or sharing the links on social media.

Security, compliance, and privacy

Secure by default

We use industry-leading security measures to keep your data safe, including advanced malware protections. Forms is also cloud-native, eliminating the need for local files and minimizing risk to your devices.

Encryption in transit and at rest

All files uploaded to Google Drive or created in Forms are encrypted in transit and at rest.

Compliance to support regulatory requirements

Our products, including Forms, regularly undergo independent verification of their security, privacy, and compliance controls.

Private by design

Forms adheres to the same robust privacy commitments and data protections as the rest of Google Cloud's enterprise services.

You control your data.

We never use your Forms content for ad purposes.

We never sell your personal information to third parties.

Find the plan that's right for you

Google Forms is a part of Google Workspace

Try Forms for Work

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Business Standard

$12 USD

per user / month, 1 year commitment info Or $14.40 per user / month, when billed monthly

done

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15 GB per user

2 TB per user

done

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100 participants

150 participants

remove

done

Self-service online and community forums

24/7 online support and community forums

Get a head start with templates

Choose from a variety of surveys, questionnaires, and other professionally-designed templates to kick things off quickly.

Orders

Registration

Feedback

Assessment

Orders

Registration

Feedback

Assessment

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Google Forms: Online Form Creator | Google Workspace

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Use Google Forms to create online forms and surveys with multiple question types. Analyze results in real-time and from any device.

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In 1996, singer Alanis Morissette came out with what turned out to be the hit song "Ironic." However, while every teenage girl was singing in her car about irony at the top of her lungs, Morissette fa

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Habitats

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Deserts cover more than one fifth of the Earth's land, and they are found on every continent. A place that receives less than 10 inches (25 centimeters) of rain

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Irony

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In 1996, singer Alanis Morissette came out with what turned out to be the hit song "Ironic." However, while every teenage girl was singing in her car about irony at the top of her lungs, Morissette fa

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Landforms

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TOUCH this image to discover its story. Image tagging powered by ThingLink

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Fiction Signposts

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Fiction Signposts by K. Ulmer (Mrs. Ulmer)

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TOUCH this image to discover its story. Image tagging powered by ThingLink

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Shakespeare

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William Shakespeare's Globe Theatre by K. Ulmer (Mrs. Ulmer)

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TOUCH this image to discover its story. Image tagging powered by ThingLink

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Adds an Edpuzzle button next to YouTube™ videos to quickly start editing them in Edpuzzle

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Characterization - VisME is the Swiss Knife for creating Awesome Visual Content and effective story telling.

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Create
Richer HTML5 Content in Existing Publishing Platforms

Share
Content Seamlessly Across Any H5P Capable Site

Reuse and modify
Content in Your Browser at Any Time

Start creating rich interactive content on your own website. It's free and easy to get started.

Get started with H5P

Supercharge your website with H5P

H5P makes it easy to create, share and reuse HTML5 content and applications. H5P empowers everyone to create rich and interactive web experiences more efficiently - all you need is a web browser and a web site with an H5P plugin.

Mobile friendly content

H5P content is responsive and mobile friendly, which means that users will experience the same rich, interactive content on computers, smartphones and tablets alike.

Share rich content

H5P enables existing CMSs and LMSs to create richer content. With H5P, authors may create and edit interactive videos, presentations, games, advertisements and more. Content may be imported and exported. All that is needed to view or edit H5P content is a web browser. H5P content types and applications are shared here on H5P.org. H5P content may be created on any H5P enabled web site like H5P.com or your own Drupal or WordPress site with the H5P plugin installed.

Free to use

H5P is a completely free and open technology, licensed with the MIT license. Demos/downloads, tutorials and documentation are all available for users who want to join the community.

Check out the content types

There are several H5P content types and applications to suit various needs.

Need help with H5P?

Take a look at the Documentation pages. If you can't find an answer there, you can post a question to the H5P community in the Forum. Selected companies also provide H5P related services.

Wed, 10/25/2023 - 10:18

Learn how to use Chat GPT to create H5P content.

Thu, 06/29/2023 - 14:39

Teachers, instructional designers and other authors may now build content more than three times faster with the help of AI and the new tool, Smart Import. We have also launched a new version of the Moodle plugin for H5P.

Thu, 06/29/2023 - 14:40

Falcon on the future of AI and H5P, and the results from last month's survey.

Want to help us spread the word?

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H5P empowers everyone to create, share and reuse interactive content - all you need is a web browser and a web site that supports H5P.

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Flipped Classroom Tools Comparison Charts

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Flipped Classroom Tools Comparison Charts

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Video Maker | Create Irresistible Videos Online

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Make standout videos in a snap with the Biteable video maker. Sparkle with studio-quality animation, footage, and effects. Start now, share in minutes.

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Institutional or Enterprise License Demo

Click here if you are trying to log in.

Please fill out the form below if you are looking for more information on our institutional or enterprise licenses. If you have a technical/support question or interest in an individual Pro license, please email help@playposit.org.

Click here if you are looking for resources regarding emergency school closures and COVID-19.

Please complete the form below for an institutional or enterprise demo.

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PlayPosit | Interactive Video Learning Objects

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With over 5 million learners and counting, PlayPosit offers a variety of options for interaction customization, premade templates, playback control, LMS LTI integration, and more. Instructors and instructional designers can build lessons as they envision them while expanding the traditional and onli

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Microsoft Forms is a web-based application that allows you to:

Create and share online surveys, quizzes, polls, and forms.

Collect feedback, measure satisfaction, test knowledge, and more.

Easily design your forms with various question types, themes, and branching logic.

Analyze your results with built-in charts and reports, or export them to Excel for further analysis.

Integrate Microsoft Forms with other Microsoft 365 apps, such as Teams, SharePoint, and OneDrive, so you can collaborate with others and access your forms from anywhere.

Explore templates

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Microsoft Forms - Free tool to create online surveys, forms, polls, and quizzes

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Use Microsoft Forms to easily create online surveys, forms, quizzes and questionnaires. AI powered, free survey tool from Microsoft.

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IMPORTANT NOTES:

Note: The PlayPosit Chrome Extension only works for instructor accounts. To allow learners to record video, PlayPosit recommends that you use the new video recorder and uploader available in PlayPosit 3.0.

Note: Users must be signed into PlayPosit, or must have launched PlayPosit through their Learning Management System (LMS).

Troubleshooting? Check out our guide here.

Quick install

Add to Chrome

Build interactive videos

The PlayPosit Chrome extension allows seamless building of engaging video bulbs. With the click of a button, instructors can:

Create screen recordings to easily build bulbs in the Designer

Insert a video URL in PlayPosit

Copy a ready-to-deliver bulb from our pre-made library

Use the Chrome Extension to pull videos from any online source

How to use

The PlayPosit Chrome extension will install a PlayPosit button on your Chrome browser. Clicking on the button will open the PlayPosit Chrome extension.

Screen capture

1. Select your audio/video capture preferences and click Start to begin recording your video.

2. To end your recording, click Stop Sharing to be directed to a new window.

3. Here you can edit the title of your video and upload it to your PlayPosit bulbs library. Once successfully uploaded, you are ready to add interactivity (learn more here).

Pull videos from websites

1. Add online videos to your PlayPosit bulbs library with one click. Simply look for the PlayPosit chip as you search for content and click Add Interactivity.

2. You'll be directed into a new tab where you can Edit the title of the video and Upload it to your PlayPosit account.

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IMPORTANT NOTES: Note: The PlayPosit Chrome Extension only works for instructor accounts. To allow learners to record video, PlayPosit recommends that you use the new video recorder and uploader available in PlayPosit 3.0. Note: Users must be signed into PlayPosit, or must have launched PlayPosit through their Learning Management System (LMS).

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This post is part of our guide to using infographics in education. For more information, check out the guide here Piktochart is the perfect example of a tool that can be used by anyone for almost anything. You can create flyers, brochures, presentations, and reports. It doesn't matter what line of work you are in because any of the templates can be used by anybody.

For example, as a teacher, I can create posters for my classroom or presentations for my lessons. I can have my students use Piktochart to create projects for our class. Piktochart can be used for conveying information for professional development, to show evidence of learning, and so much more. I've even used it to create a birthday card for a friend. You can download the image, share it, or print it, and they always look amazing.

In addition, students have a tremendous amount of choice when it comes to creating with Piktochart. Even students who say they are not creative find that their creativity comes out once they get started.

I have some quotations that I plan to incorporate into a poster for my classroom, and by having so many design options within Piktochart, I know I can create something personal, vibrant, and visually engaging for my students. I feel confident that even though I'm not a designer, I can still create something that will stand out and make my students curious about how they might be able to create something similar.

You might think that these ideas won't work for you because you don't work in education, marketing, or design. But step back and think about all of the digital tools and resources out there.

While it's helpful to know what their "intended" purpose is, that doesn't mean it can't also fit your specific needs. Sometimes all it takes is some creative thinking (and some trial and error), and you'll find a way to make it work for you. Once you get started, the ideas keep coming.

Getting Started

It's all about taking a step back and looking at the picture from a different angle. When I started using Piktochart two years ago, it was my first experience with infographics. I had only recently learned what an "infographic" was.

I really wasn't sure what to create, so I decided to start with my course syllabus. I copied the content from a Word document, pasted it into the template, and added some different visually engaging images around the text. It was a great way to add some technology to my classroom and to introduce students to the concept and benefit of using infographics for presentations.

Then I realized I could have my students use Piktochart to create projects to tell me about themselves, to talk about their family, and for many other uses where I would have normally just used paper. From there, the ideas just kept coming.

Not that they were always my own. Often the new ideas were brought on by seeing the work of my students, or I'd be inspired by a conversation with other educators at conferences. My ideas for using infographics in the classroom kept growing.

One of my best ideas came to me recently while I was attending ISTE in Denver. My presentation was about using Piktochart to create infographics and presentations. Our discussion focused on how engaging and interactive these creations can be, and it occurred to me that there's absolutely no reason why you couldn't use Piktochart to run a flipped classroom lesson or to lead someone through a process.

Simply choose a template and add your information, and you will have created a lesson for students in which you lead them step-by-step through a lesson in a visually engaging way. You can include your links to websites, embed video in it, add your images, and so much more.

My Classroom Lesson

While I was at ISTE, I began thinking about using Piktochart as a means to provide a flipped or blended learning experience through the use of an infographic.

In order to test the idea of what would be or could be a lesson, I created a lesson with activities in a document as I normally would. Then, I transferred the lesson into one of my favorite Piktochart templates.

I numbered the steps, and I included some of the links and all of the necessary information. I added some icons, changed the backgrounds, and altered the sizes of images and the colors of the backgrounds.

I'm going to test it out with my students and get their thoughts. I plan to have some students use the paper format and others use the infographic in order to gauge their responses to my flipped classroom experiment.

As a teacher, my purpose for creating something like this is to engage my students and provide more for them. I want to give them something visually appealing that adds to their learning experience. The impact that digital tools have on my students is very important to me, and I carefully select tools that will provide the most choices for them and that prove to be more meaningful and beneficial.

Taking this concept a step further, I could also flip it again and have the students create their own lesson in the same way that I did. By doing this, students develop leadership skills and are empowered. They gain new perspective as the "teacher". They get to be creative, and they drive their own learning.

The teacher then becomes the student, and he or she has the opportunity to learn and gain another perspective that will be beneficial to their role in the classroom. There are many options for using infographics like this. You just have to find what works best for you.

Limitless Technology

From a teacher's perspective, I think that if you are looking for ways to flip your classroom or to make it more interesting and engaging, infographics (particularly ones you can create with Piktochart) are the way to go.

Even if you are not in the educational field, think of the documents that you have to create in your line of work. You can easily paste the information into one of the templates. You can add your own photography or logos, search for new images, add icons, change the font colors or the backgrounds, and so much more. It is very easy to do, and it just takes that first step to get started.

When it comes to technology, I'm starting to think that there really are no limits. There is something out there for everyone to use. And while it may not be apparent at first, give it a little bit of time. If you are not sure where to start, make a birthday card for a friend.
This post is part of our guide to using infographics in education. For more information, check out the guide here.

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Flip the Script: Using Infographics in a Flipped Classroom | Piktochart

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This post is part of our guide to using infographics in education. For more information, check out the guide here Piktochart is the perfect example of a tool that can be used by anyone for almost anything. You can create flyers, brochures, presentations, and reports.

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Bravo to Catlin Tucker for trying to turn the flipped classroom into a positive tool for education. I share the skepticism of commenter Sean Lancaster, above; I doubt having kids watch videos for homework will fix American education, although, of course, it certainly may help in some classrooms. What schools need is complicated and what teachers should do is a function of their subject, their skills, their students, and other variables.

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If you're a school teacher or college instructor, try this experiment on your colleagues sometime: Go to one of them and ask them for their definition of "the flipped classroom", or as I prefer to call it flipped learning, and see if they mention using videos. Count the number of times this happens among your sample of colleagues. I would be willing to bet that for a sufficiently large sample, the percentage of responses that involve video usage will be somewhere between 75% and 100%.

Flipped learning has become almost indelibly identified with the use of video. And I think this is is a problem, because almost everywhere I go and have conversations with teachers and faculty about flipped learning, I hear some combination of these concerns:

I like the idea of flipping my classroom, but I just don't have time to make the videos.

I like the idea of flipping my classroom, but I just don't have the tech skill to make the videos.

I don't have time or skill to make videos for my class, and I don't feel comfortable using someone else's videos (for a number of reasons).

I'm not flipping my class because I just don't think it makes sense to use videos in what I teach.

The perceived coupling of flipped learning and video is driving people away from trying flipped learning.

The point I want to make in this post, the good news, is that flipped learning does not require video. In fact, it's possible to have a highly effective flipped learning environment without any video whatsoever, or even much in the way of high technology in the first place.

History lesson

Where did the perception that flipped learning requires the use of video come from? Two main sources come to mind:

1. The work of Jon Bergmann and Aaron Sams, whose book Flip Your Classroom: Reach Every Student in Class Every Day (2012) pushed flipped learning firmly into the public consciousness. Bergmann and Sams had used video to great effect in their work as high school chemistry teachers in the mid-2000's, which led to sharing their work through a series of highly successful workshops. They were so good at using video to teach that a whole generation of teachers did what any smart teacher would do: Fork the idea and make it their own. And so flipped learning began to be identified with video use, and the massive popularity of their book cemented it.

2. Sal Khan and the rise of Khan Academy. Neither one of these needs any introduction. But back in 2011, as Khan Academy's star was really rising, Sal Khan gave this TED talk that has, so far, received over 4.3 million views in which he specifically talks about using video to create a "flipped classroom". Through that talk, in the minds of the millions of viewers of this video, and the millions more who have heard its message, flipped learning and video became inextricably linked.

The thing is, Bergmann and Sams have never said (to the best of my knowledge) that flipped learning must use video. In fact I know Jon Bergmann pretty well: he wrote the Foreword for my book, and we've communicated extensively about flipped learning and our shared work in the Flipped Learning Global Initiative. I am nearly 100% certain that if you asked him if you could flip a class without using videos, not only would he say "Of course" but could give you dozens of examples of where it's been done, and done well. And as for Sal Khan, even though he has made his mark on the world through making videos, I have never heard him say that to flip a class one must use a video.

So the idea that flipped learning requires video seems to be more perception than fact. And in fact, going back further in the history of the flipped learning concept reveals that most of the initial, intentional uses of flipped learning go back to the mid-90's and early 00's, predating the existence of video hosting services like YouTube by as much as a decade. Video can't be a requirement for flipped learning if flipped learning was invented before the ability to host the video. (For more on the history side of things, you should buy my book, which has a whole chapter on this.)

What is flipped learning anyway?

I don't mean to keep pushing my book but in it, I go to great lengths to arrive at the following definition of flipped learning:

Flipped Learning is a pedagogical approach in which first contact with new concepts moves from the group learning space to the individual learning space in the form of structured activity, and the resulting group space is transformed into a dynamic, interactive learning environment where the educator guides students as they apply concepts and engage creatively in the subject matter.

This means that before the class does anything together, students do something first, namely cover the basic ground of the new concepts needed for effective group work later. What the students do, and how they do it, is not specified --- which is as it should be. So what happens "before class", happens because you, the instructor, have worked backwards and figured out what the hardest concept of the lesson is, designed an active learning task to address it during class, and in order to be ready to "launch" that task, students need to do some initial legwork.

Does that legwork have to be watching a video? No.

What are the alternatives?

Here are five alternatives to using video (or, things you can have students do in addition to video) that can accomplish the goals of pre-class activity in a flipped learning environment as we just described, in roughly increasing order of technological involvement.

1. Text + structured activity. There is nothing wrong with good old fashioned text resources, whether dead-tree or online. In fact, I know a lot of students who prefer text to video for many reasons. Even for me personally, when I'm learning something new, I hate watching a video for it --- I'd much prefer well-written instructions. Online text in particular is often lightweight, easily searchable, easily saveable in different formats, inexpensive, and you don't need a service to host it. The main thing about this option is that in order to be really flipping the learning, it has to be accompanied by a structured activity for students to use to engage with it. Let me say that again: Just giving students a text, and saying "read chapter 3 and come ready to discuss", and then discussing it in class, is not flipped learning because the key to flipping learning and not just flipping a classroom, is that all students are getting instruction even in the pre-class phase. Handing students a book is not the same as instructing them. So no, the humanities have not been doing flipped learning since the Middle Ages. Not all humanists anyway.

2. Audio + structured activity. An alternative to video is audio, whether music or podcasts or voice-recorded lectures. Audio has its advantages: The files are usually smaller, so it's easier to host and students with limited bandwidth (e.g. no wifi) aren't at as much of a disadvantage. For some disciplines --- music, languages, etc. --- audio might make the most sense of all possible media. You could use a service like VoiceThread to put text or images together with audio. There's something about the sound of a human voice that seems to play an important role in learning.

3. Text + social annotation + structured activity. One of the earliest instances of flipped learning --- Eric Mazur's invention of peer instruction at Harvard in the mid-90s --- had students preparing for class by reading the textbook. Not just reading the textbook, but reading an online version of it that had been equipped with special in-house software that let students mark it up, leave notes, and engage in discussion with each other, all visible to all the students. That in-house software was recently released to the general public under the name Perusall. Another popular social annotation software is hypothes.is, which adds a social commentary and markup layer to any object on the web, text or otherwise. My colleague Matt Roberts has used hypothes.is very successfully in flipping his political science classes, for example by having students read and discuss Supreme Court rulings online before coming to class.

4. Games + structured activity. Sometimes the most effective way to get students involved with a new concept is to make a game out of it. In my Discrete Structures for Computer Science 2 class, one of the most successful Guided Practice assignments I give is for a lesson on planar graphs, which is a simple concept (When can you take a network and disentangle it so that none of the connections physically cross each other?) but leads to some deep theory quickly. I discovered that planarity had been made into a game that runs in a web browser. My pre-class activity for the students was to explain what a planar graph looks like and then: Go and play this game until you beat Level 4. Take notes each time on the number of nodes, edges, and faces of the resulting planar graph. Students loved the game and it got them interested in the main question of the lesson --- and provided us with enough data to let the students discover Euler's Formula on their own.

5. Simulations + structured activity. Finally, sometimes the best approach for pre-class experiences can be giving students experiences playing with the thing they are about to study in depth. A Stanford study from 1999 (before flipped classrooms hit the mainstream), for example, exposed two groups of students to different ways of learning about the human auditory system: One group received direct instruction, and the other used a "tangible interface" --- a physical simulation --- for the auditory system first, in a guided exploration first before debriefing in class. The second group significantly outperformed the first on subsequent assessments. We hardly need data, though, to tell us that playing around with interactive models can often pique our interest in something, making us more ready to dive deeper later.

Conclusion

You do not have to use video if you are using flipped learning. The two concepts are independent of each other: Many flipped learning environments do not use video, and nearly all of the earliest forms of flipped learning not only did not use video, the use of video was not even technologically possible at the time. Conversely, many people who think they are flipping a classroom because they put all their lectures on video --- only to lecture more in class, or just give rote worksheets, etc. --- are laboring under a misconception.

We need to decouple flipped learning from the concept of recorded video. Sometimes video makes sense, and sometimes not. What does always make sense is improving student learning, and flipped learning environments can be drawn up in many forms to help make this happen.

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No, you do not need to use video in flipped learning (and five alternatives)

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If you're a school teacher or college instructor, try this experiment on your colleagues sometime: Go to one of them and ask them for their definition of "the flipped classroom", or as I prefer to call it flipped learning, and see if they mention using videos.

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