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Interpret the following.

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with Rubric

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I find capitalism repugnant. It is filthy, it is gross, it is alienating... because it causes war, hypocrisy and competition.

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“Is building on sugar better than building on sand?”

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Cubans became radicalized along with their Revolution as challenges and responses, blows and counter-blows between Havana and Washington followed one upon the other, and as the Revolution proceeded to turn its promises of social justice into solid facts. It built 170 new hospitals and as many polyclinics, and made medical care free. It multiplied by three the number of students enrolled at all levels and also made education free; more than 300,000 children and youths benefit today from scholarships, and boarding schools and kindergartens have proliferated. A large part of the population pays no rent and no one pays for water, light, public telephones, funerals, or sporting events. Spending on social services increased five times in a few years. But now that everyone has education and shoes, necessities multiply geometrically and production can only grow arithmetically. Cuba has been compelled to escalate its exports, and sugar continues to be its major resource. Many products are in short supply: in 1970, fruit and refrigerators and clothing. Queues, part of the daily routine, are not solely due to disorganized distribution. The essential cause of scarcity is the new abundance of consumers: the country now belongs to everyone, consumption is by all, not just a few. Thus it is scarcity of an opposite kind to that in other Latin American countries. The Revolution is indeed living through the hard times of transition and sacrifice. The Cubans themselves have learned that socialism is built with clenched teeth and that revolution is no evening stroll. But after all, if the future came on a platter, it would not be of this world.

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"The final hour of colonialism has struck, and millions of inhabitants of Africa, Asia and Latin America rise to meet a new life and demand their unrestricted right to self-determination."

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Che Guevara said that underdevelopment was a dwarf with an enormous head and a bloated stomach: its spindly legs and stubby arms do not fit with the rest of the body. In yesterday’s Havana fashionable avenues glittered and purred with Cadillacs, and luscious starlets undulated to the rhythms of Lecuona’s famous band in the world’s largest cabaret; meanwhile in the Cuban countryside only one in every ten peasants ever drank milk, barely 4 percent ate meat, and the wages of three out of five (according to the National Economic Council) were three to four times lower than the cost of living.
But sugar did not only produce dwarfs. It also produced giants, or at least contributed generously to their growth. The sugar of tropical Latin America gave powerful impetus to the accumulation of capital for English, French, Dutch, and U.S. industrial development, while at the same time mutilating the economy of Northeast Brazil and the Caribbean islands and consummating the historic ruin of Africa.

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Economic, political and social.

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Nationalism. Economic, political and social policies. Treatment of opposition and impact on the region (AMERICA'S).

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JFK had taken responsibility for the Bay of Pigs disaster (although secretly blaming the CIA) and needed to look firm against Communism and the Soviet Union. With Operation Mongoose, Kennedy portrayed that the US wanted to invade Cuba, making Khrushchev secretly install missiles. JFK, although almost causing the start of a thermonuclear war with the 'quarantine' zone, came out of the Cuban Missile Crisis as the winner and Khrushchev was humiliated by taking the missiles out of Cuba.

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When looking at JFK's role in the Cuban Missile Crisis, the image commonly portrayed of him doesn't necessarily accurately represent his actions at that time. With the United States having placed Jupiter Missiles in Turkey (nuclear missiles) it could have only been expected for the USSR to act respectively (evident by their desire to place missiles in Cuba). However, JFK needed to take a hardline approach to the matter in order to not appear weak in the eyes of the American public. To do so, he essentially brought the two countries to the brink of war in his establishment of a "quarantine zone" around Cuba.

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JFK wanted to appear superior to Khrushchev. After the Bay of Pigs JFK appeared weak and thus wanted to solidify himself as a powerful leader. In the Cuban missile crisis he didn't want to bow down to the Soviets and appear like the "smaller man" but the fear of MAD meant he had to compromise with his enemy. JFK did blame the CIA for his failures in both crises, however he is still known and well regarded for his ability to protect the US from entering war even though be perpetuated the possibility of it.

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JFK had a significant role in the Cuban Missile crisis as he had diplomatically took decisions when the world was on the brink of a nuclear war. Following the unsuccess of the Bay of Pigs and his subsequent sourness against the CIA, JFK on the domestic front was taking grave actions for national and even international security (for example, the quarantine) against the potential threat the Soviets would pose if they did decide to launch the missiles, while he also made a “trade-off” by withdrawing missiles in Turkey and Greece for international security and safety interests.

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Gaddis states that Khrushchev held more power, with the amount of nuclear weapons the USSR had, than Stalin ever had, but with less responsibility. ''He was like a petulant child with a loaded gun'', and decided to place missiles in Cuba quite impulsively, without thinking on the long-term on how his actions would be interpreted. His reasons for this were partly to respond to the US' show of power with the Jupiter missiles, and partly to deter the US from further interference in Cuba's affairs. ''Nikita always loved Cuba'', Castro said post-crisis, and it seems as though this emotional weakness almost sparked a major nuclear war.

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After the failed U.S attempt to overthrow the Castro regime in Cuba with the Bay of Pigs invasion, Khrushchev reached a secret agreement with Cuban premier Castro. Khrushchev was a Castro supporter and praised him for his ideology but in the end for the greater good reached an agreement with U.S and turned on Castro removing missiles from Cuba in return for the removal of missiles from Turkey by the U.S, the Cuban Missile Crisis left Khrushchev weak in power and public support.

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President Kennedy feared Castro and the political situation his agenda had been thrown into due to the mere presence and continued success of Castro. Kennedy had campaigned on the failures of Eisenhower and Nixon from preventing a communistic Cuba.

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Khrushchev after signing a treaty with Cuba that would allow the USSR to place missiles in very close proximity to the US provoked the Cuban missile crisis. This crisis would ultimately bring down Khrushchev's career as the leader of the USSR.

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Khrushchev - He gave the Castro regime the support and resources necessary to carry out the revolution. Although ideology was a factor that brought Cuba and the USSR closer; Khrushchev took advantage of the situation make the US feel what they were filling with US missiles in Turkey. Hence, instead of limiting USSR support to Cuba to resources and - if needed - machine guns, they exported missiles to the Cuban territory, causing the Americans to react.

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JFK - embarrassed from Bay of Pigs still, wanted to show US strength. USSR missiles freaked US out and JFK wanted to handle successfully. Removed Turkey missiles in secret.

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After the Bay of Pigs Kennedy wanted to dismantle the CIA, blaming it for the fiasco. "Splinter it into a thousand pieces and scatter it into the winds." -JFK