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Compounds may be defined as stems consisting of more than one root. For example, bedside, black market, car wash.

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Derivations have a low functional load, in the sense that each single deriations rarely occurs and can only be applied to a few specific combinations with particular stems.

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Inflectional affixes can be describe as "relational markers" that fit words for use in syntax. For example: John's as in John's book.

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Homonymy refers to a situation where we have multiple words with the same shape.

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Polysemy refers to the situation where the same word has two or more meanings.

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Relies only on purely formal criteria. A word is minimal free form that can occur alone and have meaning.

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Considers the indivisible unit of thought as the most essential criterion. For example, rethink is one word but has two units of thought.

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Relies mainly on writing traditions that separate by spaces sequences of letters or characters.

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Lexicography refers to the special technique of writing and compilation of dictionaries. Also, studies the principles that underlie the process of making dictionaries.

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Etymology can be defined as the study of the whole history of words, not just of their origin.

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Semantics is the study of meaning. Its purpose is explain and describe meaning in natural languages.

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Morphology is the study of morphemes and their arrangements in forming words. Morphemes are the smallest meaningful units which make a word or a part of a word.

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Lexicology is defined as the study of lexis, understood as the group of words in a given language, i.e. its vocabulary or lexicon.