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Morphological awareness is looking at morphemes. which are the smallest units of meaning in a language and cannot be divided without losing their meaning, and see how they come together to create new words. A morpheme can be divided into units such as prefixes, suffixes, and roots.

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Syllables are units of pronunciation within a word. We have identified six different types of syllables.

Closed: Contains one vowel and ends in one or more consonants (ex: cat)

Open: Ends with one vowel letter (ex: she)

VCE: vowel, consonant, and silent e (ex: make)

Vowel Team: Two or more letters that represent long or short vowels? (ex: boat)

R-Controlled: When a vowel is followed by the letter R, it changes the sound of the vowel (ex: maker)

C + le: When 'le' is seen at the end of a word, and is preceded by a consonant (ex: turtle)

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Long vowel sounds are created by using vowel teams. The long vowel sounds within a word make the same sound as the original way we pronounce a vowel. This can also be done using the final -e. A short vowel sound is when a vowel within a word is not pronounced the way we say the vowel within the alphabet.

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Complex consonants are described as 2 or more consonants combined to create a single sound. Being able to recognize these letters and sounds are essential to learning to read.

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Phonics can be referred to as "The system of phoneme-grapheme correspondences that are the basic structure of an alphabetic orthography." We use phonics to decode and sound out words while learning to read.

Single-letter consonants are an important aspect of phonics. Consonants are any letter that is not a vowel, and breath is obstructed when speaking its sound. The consonants are B, C, D, F, G, H, J, K, L, M, N, P, Q, R, S, T, V, W, Y, and Z

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Phonological awareness can be described as "an overall awareness of all sounds in spoken language". Phonemic awareness, as we previously learned, is only a part of phonological awareness.

Some of the other skills we learn are...

Counting words in sentences

Rhyming

Syllables

Alliteration

Initial sounds

Onset-rime

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Phonemic awareness is known as the awareness of individual speech sounds, or phonemes. We know that a phoneme is the smallest segment of speech in a spoken language, and there are 44 phonemes in the English language alone.

The phonemic awareness skills are to...

Isolate: First, medial, and final sound in a word

Categorize: Which word has a different first, medial, or final sound

Blending Phonemes: /d/ /o/ /g/ = dog

Segmenting Phonemes: dog = /d/ /o/ /g/

Adding Phonemes: shoe add /s/ = shoes

Deleting Phonemes: this without /t/ = his

Substituting Phonemes: tan -> ran -> fan

Reversing Phonemes: tip -> pit

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https://www.reallygreatreading.com/six-layers-phonemic-awareness

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1. Link to activity: http://fcrr.fsu.acsitefactory.com/sites/g/files/upcbnu2836/files/media/PDFs/student_center_activities/k1_phonological_awareness/k1_phoneme_segmenting/k1_pa040_say_and_slide_phonemes.pdf

2. Standard: RF.K.2.b Count, pronounce, blend, and segment syllables in spoken words.

3. Objective: The student will be able to segment or divide, and count phonemes in spoken words.

4. Description of activity: This game is played in student pairs. The pairs will be given a stack of cards that show a picture and boxes with the number of syllables, and chips or counters. The first student in the pair will choose the top card from the stack. This student will then name the picture, and orally segment it into sounds. The second student will repeat the segmented sounds while moving the chips into the boxes. Students will continue switching roles until they have completed the stack.

5. How does this activity address the standard?: For this activity, students must segment the sounds in each words, and be able to identify how many sounds they hear. This addresses the objective as the students must be able to segment and count the phonemes in each spoken word.

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There has been extended research on how we use our brains to learn to read. This is also known as "the science of reading". It explains what works in guiding our students to become successful readers, and why it does.

The five elements that are key to success in reading are comprehension, fluency, vocabulary, phonics, and phonemic awareness. Though only a part of the science of reading, we have learned that "teaching phonics systematically, explicitly, and cumulatively is key to successful reading instruction".

What is the science of reading?. Really Great Reading. (n.d.). https://www.reallygreatreading.com/what-is-the-science-of-reading-and-phonics

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Koffman, M. (2022, July 19). What is the science of reading?. Braintrust. https://braintrusttutors.com/what-is-the-science-of-reading/

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As a teacher, the science of reading will allow me to effectively enhance my student's education. Knowing how students' brains take information in terms of reading is extremely important in creating and adapting our lessons.

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1. Link to activity: http://fcrr.fsu.acsitefactory.com/sites/g/files/upcbnu2836/files/media/PDFs/student_center_activities/k1_phonological_awareness/k1_syllables/k1_pa018_syllable_hopscotch.pdf

2. Standard: RF.K.2.b Count, pronounce, blend, and segment syllables in spoken words.

3. Objective: The student will be able to count and separate syllables in spoken words.

4. Description of activity: This game is played in student pairs or groups. Picture cards will be faced down in a stack, and a hopscotch board will be laid out on the floor. While taking turns, each student draws the top card from the stack. Using the picture on the card, the student will name the picture, and then segment it into syllables. The student counts the syllables within the word and hops to the number of syllables they counted.

5. How does this activity address the standard?: This activity addresses the standard as the students will be able to count the number of syllables within each spoken word, and show they know the answer with the hopscotch.

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As a teacher, I know it is extremely important for students to understand what phonemes are and how to manipulate them. This is the key to them reading and writing efficiently.

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As a teacher, I know that phonological awareness is the building block for my students to become successful readers. It is important to recognize each individual skill within phonological awareness and how they contribute to our students learning.

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1. Link to activity: http://fcrr.fsu.acsitefactory.com/sites/g/files/upcbnu2836/files/media/PDFs/student_center_activities/k1_phonics/k1_encoding_and_decoding/k1_p040_a_digraph_a_word.pdf

2. Standard: RF.1.3.a Know the sound-spelling correspondences for common consonant digraphs. RF.1.3.b Decode reg

3. Objective: The student will be able to say blend letter sounds to form words.

4. Description of activity: Students will be given a stack of picture cards and letter tiles. Taking turns, student one selects a picture card, and segments it into phonemes. Student two selects the letters tiles that match the phonemes and put them into the correct order.

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As a teacher, I know understanding complex consonants is very important for students in terms of reading and writing. Knowing how digraphs blend and being able to decode them is essential for students to correctly pronounce words and know their meanings.

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As a teacher, I know that learning the components of morphological awareness, such as the meanings of prefixes, roots, and suffixes and how they come together to give words new meanings is important in a student's ability to comprehend material.

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As a teacher, I know that understanding long vs. short vowel sounds plays an important part in students being able to pronounce words and write words correctly.

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As a teacher, I know that consonants are an important part of both reading and spelling. Students will see consonants in almost every word and knowing how to properly sound them out is crucial.

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As a teacher, knowing what syllables are and how to identify them is beneficial to the pronunciation and spelling of words.