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 Traditional Australian Artwork- First Nation Australians (Numina Pananka, 2013) Bush Medicine

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Australia's traditional art is the Indigenous artwork dated back to 60,000 years or more. Indigenous people expressed their artwork on their skin, bark, and sand but mainly on rocks from ochres, and this is how they told their stories and knowledge of the land, events and beliefs. Like the painting above by Caroline Numina Pananka, expressing health and wellbeing, this is a type of bush medicine from the Kurrajong plant, and the leaves are used to treat cold and flu symptoms, backaches, stomach aches and chest pains.

Bush Medicine Leaves by Caroline Numina Pananka at Aboriginal Art Directory - Caroline Numina Pananka Australian Aboriginal Artist. (n.d.). Gallery.aboriginalartdirectory.com. Retrieved October 6, 2023, from https://gallery.aboriginalartdirectory.com/aboriginal-art/caroline-numina-pananka/caroline-numina.php

Artlandish. (2018). The Amazing Story of Aboriginal Art. Artlandish Aboriginal Art Gallery. https://www.aboriginal-art-australia.com/aboriginal-art-library/the-story-of-aboriginal-art/

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Social Determinant: Unemployment and Job insecurity

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Post 1: Social Determinants of health WHO(2020)

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Post 1: Social Determinants of health WHO(2020)

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Migrant and Refugee Health Australia

Ziersch, A., Miller, E., Baak, M., & Mwanri, L. (2020). Integration and social determinants of health and wellbeing for people from refugee backgrounds resettled in a rural town in South Australia: a qualitative study. BMC Public Health, 20(1). https://doi.org/10.1186/s12889-020-09724-z

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Post 2: Social Determinants of health WHO (2020)

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Post 2: Social Determinants of health WHO (2020)

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Migrant and Refugee Health in Australia

Ziersch, A., Miller, E., Baak, M., & Mwanri, L. (2020). Integration and social determinants of health and wellbeing for people from refugee backgrounds resettled in a rural town in South Australia: a qualitative study. BMC Public Health, 20(1). https://doi.org/10.1186/s12889-020-09724-z

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Post 3: Social Determinants of health WHO (2020)

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Post 3: Social Determinants of health WHO (2020)

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Migrant and Refugee Health in Australia

Ziersch, A., Miller, E., Baak, M., & Mwanri, L. (2020). Integration and social determinants of health and wellbeing for people from refugee backgrounds resettled in a rural town in South Australia: a qualitative study. BMC Public Health, 20(1). https://doi.org/10.1186/s12889-020-09724-z

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I feel safe and privileged in my environment where I can provide a healthy snack and clean water for myself. 

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Health means to me a state of being physically, mentally, spiritually, and emotionally well, in my environment where I am safe, free from disease and thriving in my daily life.

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Principle health Issues that Refugees face

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Principle health Issues that Refugees face

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Country Focus: Syria, Known as the ‘biggest humanitarian and refugee crisis of our time’

Before the armed conflict, Syria was burdened with communicable and non-communicable diseases. In September 2015, Australia agreed to settle 12,000 Syrian and Iraqi refugees and the existing humanitarian intake 13,750 in 2016. In South Australia, there is a refugee health service that supports the new arrivals and their health issues, including the following

Hepatitis B Virus (HBV)

As stated, approximately 5% of Syria have chronic hepatitis (HBV), which usually is asymptomatic but can follow to be a severe advanced liver disease or liver cancer. A comprehensive health assessment was completed for people from refugee-like backgrounds, and a hep-B serology was undertaken, showing 455 Syrian new arrivals had chronic hep-B.

One treatment available to refugees from Syria who have tested positive for chronic hepatitis B is a physical examination to look for symptoms or signs of chronic liver disease.

Low Vitamin D

Vitamin D is an essential vitamin for bone and muscle health. According to the refugee guidelines, vitamin D deficiency is a significant issue for refugee populations in Australia. On arrival, a health assessment was done, resulting in 49% of females and 51% of males with Syrian backgrounds in Australia being screened for micronutrients and vitamin deficiencies, including vitamin D. Some refugee populations wear clothing coverings due to insufficient sunlight.

One treatment available to those with vitamin D deficiency is to restore their levels by being treated with daily dosing of vitamin D.

Mental Health

Mental health is the experience of trauma, conflict, family separation, torture and physical and sexual violence, which many adults and children with a refugee background can experience. 178 Syrian new arrivals underwent a health assessment, and 26.9% reported symptoms of mental health problems, such as anxiety and depression, due to post-arrival stressors such as job-seeking, English-language classes and caring for their family.

One treatment available is a referral to a mental health service for ongoing treatment.

Australian Refugee Health» Primary Care for People of Refugee Backgrounds. (n.d.). Australian Refugee Health Practice Guide . https://refugeehealthguide.org.au/

Maldari, T., Elsley, N., & Abdul Rahim, R. (2019). The health status of newly arrived Syrian refugees at the Refugee Health Service, South Australia, 2016. Australian Journal of General Practice, 48(7), 480–486. https://doi.org/10.31128/ajgp-09-18-4696

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Warm barramundi salad with tomatoes, capers and olives, (Warm Barramundi Salad with Tomatoes, Capers and Olives | Great Australian Seafood, 2021)

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Barramundi with salad is an easy, simple, healthy Australian dish anyone can enjoy on a hot day.

Our bodies do not produce omega-3s; therefore, it is sourced through diet. It has the health benefits of reducing the chances of heart disease and stroke, as recommended by the Heart Foundation 2015. All Australians should eat 2–3 servings of fish per week, roughly 250–500 milligrams of marine-sourced omega-3s, eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA)

The link to the recipe is here:
https://www.greataustralianseafood.com.au/warm-barramundi-salad-with-tomatoes-capers-and-olives/

The link to the Nutritional Facts

Calories in Barramundi and Nutrition Facts (fatsecret.com.au)

Calories in Barramundi and Nutrition Facts. (n.d.). Www.fatsecret.com.au. Retrieved October 1, 2023, from https://www.fatsecret.com.au/calories-nutrition/generic/barramundi

Fish, Seafood & Heart Healthy Eating Dietary Position Statement. (n.d.). https://www.heartfoundation.org.au/getmedia/0678aaa5-5828-4cf0-ac35-e34d02bec705/190729_Nutrition_Position_Statement_-_Fish_and_Seafood.pdf

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Australia has a vast diversity of 24,000 native plants, which aren't seen anywhere else in the world. (Australia, 2019) Across Australia, there are many of these Australian native plants used by the First Nations Australians for food, medicine, shelter, tools and ceremonial items.

Flora and fauna | Australia state of the environment 2021. (2021). Dcceew.gov.au. https://soe.dcceew.gov.au/biodiversity/environment/flora-and-fauna

Australia. (2019, October 18). Australia’s Native Plants - Tourism Australia. Australia.com. https://www.australia.com/en/facts-and-planning/about-australia/australias-plants.html

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Competency Standard 12.3

My most significant aspect is competency standard 12.3, providing culturally responsive care to migrant and refugee backgrounds. I have improved my knowledge by reading this competency standard and learning the importance of clinicians following high ethical standards and providing committed care to refugee and migrant populations through the principles in the above photo. I now feel more comfortable and capable of caring for patients from different cultural backgrounds. This knowledge I have developed is essential to me in the workplace because I can provide culturally responsive care that will be safe and effective by treating everyone as an individual. I will be open-minded by respecting their beliefs and values, being patient, actively listening and letting them ask questions. Most importantly, I will provide a welcoming environment with symbols and visuals supporting diversity, including having appropriate resources for patient's health literacy and cultural needs translated into plain English.

Culturally Responsive Clinical Practice: Working with People from Migrant and Refugee Backgrounds COMPETENCY STANDARDS FRAMEWORK FOR CLINICIANS. (2019). https://culturaldiversityhealth.org.au/wp-content/uploads/2019/02/Culturally-responsive-clinical-practice-Working-with-people-from-migrant-and-refugee-backgrounds-Jan2019.pdf

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The Kangaroo a native mammal of Australia (Jani, n.d.)

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The Australian fauna has a great variety of unique native animals, including more than 40 species of native mammals, 200 bird species, 30 reptile species, 15 amphibians, and 14 native fish species (The Australian Alps Program, 2012). The Indigenous Australians held spiritual, cultural and symbolic value to many animals and used some Australian animals as their traditional food (Bush tucker).

The Australian Alps Program. (2012). The Australian Alps Education Kit - Fauna and the Australian Alps factsheet. https://theaustralianalps.files.wordpress.com/2013/11/fauna.pdf

Flora and fauna | Australia state of the environment 2021. (2021). Dcceew.gov.au. https://soe.dcceew.gov.au/biodiversity/environment/flora-and-fauna

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Football (AFL) is an Australian all-time favourite sport. It is a great intensity, physically demanding contact sport that includes running, sprinting, jumping and tackling, completing a minimum of 25 hours a week of training during the footy season (McLean, 2022). AFL benefits the body in many ways, such as maintaining physical and mental well-being and including many health benefits. According to all Australians' physical activity and exercise guidelines, AFL reaches the recommended weekly physical exercise.

McLean, J. (2022, August 16). Inside the AFL Player’s Training Regimen for Game Day Success. Prepare like a Pro. https://preparelikeapro.com/cracking-the-code-inside-afl-training-regimen-game-day-success/

Australian Government Department of Health and Aged Care. (2021, January 14). Physical activity and exercise guidelines for adults (18 to 64 years). Australian Government Department of Health and Aged Care. https://www.health.gov.au/topics/physical-activity-and-exercise/physical-activity-and-exercise-guidelines-for-all-australians/for-adults-18-to-64-years

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Australia went through COVID-19, which impacted the health and wellbeing of everyone in Australia. The first sign of COVID-19 in Australia started in January 2020 with horrifying infections, hospitalizations and around 10,000 deaths. Still, it continues to affect the health and wellbeing of people in Australia, though they are less likely to be hospitalized or die, thanks to the COVID-19 vaccination reducing the numbers. Covid-19 affects the whole population’s health and wellbeing through how we all live, work, travel, learn and interact with friends and family, affecting our health behaviours, physical and mental wellbeing, and use of and access to essential health services.

Effect on Refugees, Migrants and Asylum Seekers

COVID-19 has also affected migrant and refugee populations, including asylum seekers in Australia who have experienced significant social, economic, physical and mental health issues associated with COVID-19 (O’Mara et al., 2021) due to the Australian government making changes to Medicare legislation, health insurance scheme to subsidize access to medical care and advice via telehealth. The refugee and migrant populations were excluded from those changes, resulting in mental health conditions and a severe risk to their safety, including suicide and self-harm (O’Mara et al., 2021).

AIHW - Australian Institute of Health and Welfare. (2022). Aihw.gov.au. https://www.aihw.gov.au/getmedia/c6c5dda9-4020-43b0-8ed6-a567cd660eaa/aihw-aus-421.pdf.aspx

O’Mara, B., Monani, D., & Carey, G. (2021). Telehealth, COVID-19 and Refugees and Migrants in Australia: Policy and Related Barriers and Opportunities for More Inclusive Health and Technology Systems. International Journal of Health Policy and Management, 11(10). https://doi.org/10.34172/ijhpm.2021.31