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Hill, J. (2023). College Football’s power brokers are destroying it. The Atlantic. https://www.theatlantic.com/ideas/archive/2023/08/college-football-greed-conference-alignment/674930/

Schoenfeld, B. (2023). Student. Athlete. Mogul?. The New York Times Magazine. https://www.nytimes.com/2023/01/24/magazine/ncaa-nba-student-athlete.html?unlocked

Lever , Katie . "Flaws of the 20-Hour Rule." 2aDays, 27 Jun. 2023
https://www.2adays.com/blog/flaws-of-the-20-hour-rule/

Given, K. (2017). Tracing the Origins of College Sport Amateurism. Wbur. https://www.wbur.org/onlyagame/2017/10/13/ncaa-amateurism-origins-history

Thompson, J. (2021). Athletes protest NCAA with #NotNCAAproperty campaign on March Madness eve, cite examples of unfair treatment. Insider. https://www.insider.com/college-athletes-protest-the-ncaa-2021-3

Understanding student-athlete burnout. NCAA.org. (n.d.). https://www.ncaa.org/sports/2014/12/10/understanding-student-athlete-burnout.aspx

Laub, Riley . "The Ever-Changing Environment of 'compensating' Student Athletes and NIL Deals." DU Clarion, 29 May 2023. https://duclarion.com/2023/05/the-ever-changing-environment-of-compensating-student-athletes-and-nil-deals

The NCAA sold fans a multibillion-dollar story. It may finally be coming apart. (2021, November 12). The Atlantic. https://www.theatlantic.com/podcasts/archive/2021/07/ncaa-supreme-court-ruling-student-athlete-exploitation/619571/

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Source 3: Flaws of The 20-Hour Rule                                         

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Source 3: Flaws of The 20-Hour Rule                                         

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The 2aDays article, Flaws of the 20-Hour Rule, written by Katie Lever explores how ineffective the NCAA 20-hour rule is that is intended to protect student-athletes. The NCAA does a dreadful job regulating what counts as "athletically-related activities" which allows for a complete overall of the said 20 hours per week. Coaches can manipulate their schedules to their liking so assigned "voluntary work", team building activities, meetings, etc. do not count towards the 20-hour rule but are essentially mandatory in collegiate settings. The “grey area” of the 20-hour rule simply takes advantage of and is outright extortion of student-athletes who do not have the ability to fulfill their education. These collegiate athletes are basically full-time employees who aren’t earning any benefits. The lack of transparency in hours allows the NCAA along with colleges to abuse the athletes who have no power against these huge corporations. College athletes are being asked to compete at nearly a professional level while at the same time managing a full-time school workload which puts them under tremendous pressure. It is almost impossible for collegiate athletes to attain their education to the fullest extent when the NCAA’s flawed 20-hour rule is exploiting their time, talents, and minds.

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The article, Student. Athlete. Mogul? written by Bruce Schoenfeld explores the consequences of the Supreme Court decision to allow collegiate athletes to earn money based on their name, image, and likeness. The primary argument made by the article is that the ability for college athletes to profit from their talent results in funds being redirected to athletes directly rather than to college sporting programs. "Those payments helped subsidize other teams on campus that don’t generate enough revenue to cover their costs, which is just about all of them." (Schoenfeld, 2023) Without college programs having access to these funds, less profitable sports programs will begin to struggle financially. Another consequence of the Supreme Court decision is that money has become a means for colleges to poach highly talented players, “They do it through a third party,” (cited in Schoenfeld, 2023) making it legal. This allows highly talented college athletes to receive payments comparable to what they would receive as a professional player, meaning many players who would have previously left college early to become professional athletes are staying in college. Finally, college coaches are calling for more regulation as to how players are able to receive funds, with some coaches suggesting that direct salaries from colleges may be the best option. This illustrates that while the idea of college athletes profiting from their talent is not completely opposed, regulations are required to prevent disastrous financial consequences for college sports programs.

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How Sponsorship Deals Are Transforming College Sports - The New York Times.pdf

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Source 1: The Experiment Podcast: The Myth of the Student Athlete 

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Source 1: The Experiment Podcast: The Myth of the Student Athlete 

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Throughout history, the NCAA has always enforced strict rules aimed at preventing college athletes from earning money in order to maintain their amateur status. The concept of "amateurism" has played an important role in college athletics, emphasizing that student-athletes engage in their sports solely out of love for the game, without seeking financial gain. What’s impactful about the podcast is the story of Rumogi Huma's UCLA teammate, who, in a radio interview, openly discussed struggling to afford groceries and was suspended because he unknowingly took groceries that someone sent him. Huma walks by the UCLA student store and sees his teammate's jersey in the store, he powerfully states “...UCLA was fully capitalizing off him-his name, image, likeness, and athletic reputation…”(Huma). Both the NCAA and colleges have profited immensely from the dedication and effort of student-athletes. The suspension of a student-athlete for merely accepting groceries when facing financial difficulties speaks volume about how far the NCAA was willing to go to uphold the concept of "amateurism." It is ironic that the NCAA was initially established with the aim of "protecting" student-athletes, but as money became more involved, their priorities shifted. They managed to present themselves as protectors of students while, in reality, they were harming the very student-athletes they were meant to support.

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The NCAA Sold Fans a Multibillion-Dollar Story. It May Finally Be Coming Apart.

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Why have some student athletes gone hungry while their schools have earned millions? The Atlantic staff writer and former college athlete Adam Harris explains.

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Collegiate sports are uniting and unifying factor for universities in our world today on many levels however, the way in which these sports are competed questions the ethics of the programmes and governing bodies. In the article 'Student. Athlete. Moguel?' profits made from the student athletes own talent causes funds to be redirected to the athletes themselves as opposed to the programmes. This causes debate in regards to the recent supreme court decision allowing the student athletes to make money from their own name image and likeness. The article 'College Football's Power Brokers are Destroying it' highlights the controversy around recents changes to major football conferences. The changes which are largely driven by financial incentive reveal colleges greed for financial security over powering previous tradition and rivalry. The Podcast 'The myth of the 'Student Athlete'' explores the Supreme court's ruling giving athletes the chance to receive additional benefits for their education. This ruling challenges the perception of amateurism in collegiate sport. The question "Are they still student athletes or is this another way of being a paid semi professional?" is explored throughout the podcast. The final source 'The Flaws of the 20 Hour Rule' evaluates the busy and time consuming job collegiate athletes are faced with (Both studying and playing sport at the highest of levels). The 'grey area' regarding what counts towards athletic and non athletic activities highlights just how much extra time on top of the 20 hour limit collegiate athletes spend towards their sport each week.

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2) Podcast / Panel Discussion: The 20-Hour-Rule 

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2) Podcast / Panel Discussion: The 20-Hour-Rule 

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The 20-hour-rule is meant to support and protect college athletes' ability to balance academics, life, and sports. In this podcast, student athletes Matthew and Tyler discuss their experiences with the 20-hour-rule with hosts Emily and Maddie.

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The 20-Hour-Rule - podcast-panel discussion

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Source 2: College Football’s Power Brokers Are Destroying It

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Source 2: College Football’s Power Brokers Are Destroying It

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With high anticipation the new college football season is upon us. However it brings much controversy as to the revealing of schools interests and their financial priorities. The realignment of College sports conferences is certainly causing debate. Cal's move to the ACC is front and centre of this hot topic!

The key reason the conference realignments are coming about is that the Pac-12 is currently facing large challenges with securing a viable and economical TV deal. As a result of this it is causing teams to seek opportunities elsewhere. The benefits of a team playing in a conference with larger TV revenues is that it brings a larger payout deal for those schools meaning they can reinvest and look to upscale their programmes aswell as bringing many benefits to the university's themselves too.  As a result of this, previous traditional fixtures and large college football rivalries are not being prioritised. Large debate and discussion has been started as a result, especially amongst schools alumni and old collegians. The previous 'big games' are now coming second to schools prioritisation of larger payout games in different conferences that don't necessarily have the same level of tradition and rivalry.

The realignment of conferences is unveiling colleges financial greed and motivation. The future of college football is certainly up in the air. Will long time tradition be overridden by College football's hunt for wealth?

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What colleges' relentless drive for more television revenue is doing to the sport

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The kickoff to the college-football season is a few weeks away, but fans are already seeing 2023's biggest showdown-one that pits the long-term interests of schools and conferences against their own insatiable greed.

When a major football power switches from one conference to another-disrupting existing rivalries in favor of new opponents less familiar to fans-it's always controversial. But numerous recent conference changes have disrupted the landscape to an unusual degree. Amid widespread complaints that college players' newfound ability to profit from endorsement deals is harming a supposedly amateur sport, what's really chewing college football to pieces are conference realignments fueled by schools' and conferences' avarice.

At the moment, the biggest sign of trouble is that the Pac-12 is being gutted amid a massive scramble across the NCAA Division I Football Bowl Subdivision for broadcast revenue. The venerable West Coast league has been unable to attract a major-network television deal, and as it struggles, marquee teams are abandoning the Pac-12 for bigger fortunes elsewhere.
Jemele Hill: College football is cannibalizing itself
The Big Ten is reportedly exploring the possibility of adding Oregon and Washington to its conference, a year after the conference gobbled up University of Southern California and UCLA. Colorado doesn't necessarily have the same national prominence as the two legendary California universities, but its announcement last month that it will return to the Big 12 after more than a decade in the Pac-12 is yet another blow for the latter.

The reason so many schools are on the move is that each member of a conference gets a share of its guaranteed television revenues. So the bigger the deal, the bigger each school's allotment. Currently, the Big Ten and the Southeastern Conference (SEC) have the most lucrative television deals in college football. Disney, which owns ESPN, successfully landed all of the SEC's media rights in 2020 with a 10-year, $3 billion deal that begins in 2024. The agreement will pay the SEC about $300 million a year-a huge bump from the $55 million a year that CBS was paying the conference. Especially now that Texas and Oklahoma are set to join the SEC in 2024, the conference appears to be set up for long-term success. So does the Big Ten, which last year secured a seven-year, $7 billion media-rights agreement with Fox, CBS, and NBC.

On some level, you have to sympathize with college-football fans as the conference-realignment version of Game of Thrones plays out. Traditions, history, and entrenched rivalries are what make college football so appealing. As these schools and conferences jockey for financial position, traditions and history become an afterthought.

The Big Ten and the SEC naturally have emerged as the most attractive destinations in college football, and schools aren't shy about their willingness to abandon conference solidarity and tradition for a bigger paycheck elsewhere. The Pac-12 isn't the only conference facing a harsh reality. As Sp orts Illustrated has reported, at least half of the Atlantic Coast Conference (ACC) schools are considering leaving.

Florida State University's president, Richard McCullough, said this week that his school faces "a very difficult situation," even "an existential crisis," as schools outside the ACC score tens of millions of dollars more a year to build facilities, retain coaches, and maximize their recruited athletes' ability to profit from their fame.

The imperative to take account of players' needs is something new for colleges and conferences. For many years, college athletes could be compensated only with a scholarship, and their otherwise-unpaid labor became the basis of a hugely lucrative business. But when courts and state legislatures decided that college athletes should be allowed to make money off of their name, image, and likeness, the change added a new variable for colleges. In deciding where to enroll, athletes now consider which schools might offer them the greatest chance of landing endorsement deals and monetizing their social-media fame. (Signing with a Big Ten or SEC member school is a good way for athletes to get their face on TV.) These considerations rankle college-football traditionalists, who supposedly want to uphold the old ideal of student athletes.

"I am against anything that devalues education," the Clemson University football coach Dabo Swinney told ESPN last year. "That's what I'm against. I am for anything that incentivizes education. People will come after me because I've always said that I'm against the professionalism of college athletics, and I am. Kids don't know what they don't know."
Devin Gordon: America ruined college football. Now college football is ruining America.
That's brazen coming from Swinney, who is in the midst of a 10-year, $115 million contract extension that he signed in September 2022. And so much for sticking with the old ways: Clemson, a member of the ACC for many decades, is reportedly among the schools seriously considering leaving for more money.

That athletes can now make money from their likeness is largely irrelevant to the fundamental issue: The top conferences' broadcast deals have simply become so lucrative that colleges can't resist seeking their share.

"The old question of, 'How long would it take TV money to destroy college football?' Maybe we're here," the Washington State University coach Jake Dickert told reporters Thursday. "To think, even remotely, five years ago, [that] the Pac-12 would be in this position, it's unthinkable to think that we're here today. And to think that local rivalries are at risk ... to me, is unbelievable."

For so long, college-football power brokers spent a lot of time conjuring every excuse as to why a fair and equitable system for players just wasn't feasible. Now colleges' hypocrisy is being fully exposed. Athletes were simply seeking equity and fair market value, and they're finally able to get it. Colleges have been beholden to money the whole time.

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least half of the atlantic coast conference

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greatest chance of landing endorsement deals

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College Football's Power Brokers Are Destroying It

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What colleges' relentless drive for more television revenue is doing to the sport

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This infographic breaks down the money for Name, Image, and Likeness (NIL) in college sports. It shows total NIL money earned, total compensation based on gender, total compensation based on sports, and top-valued athletes. It is essential to highlight the $917 million total NIL money earned as of July 6, 2022 because these athletes are able to profit from their talents which redirects the funds from other college sporting programs to these specific athletes.

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1.
Topic: Tradition

Question: How has the concept of "amateurism" in college athletics evolved over time, and what role has it played in shaping the NCAA's regulations?

Secondary Source Link: https://www.wbur.org/onlyagame/2017/10/13/ncaa-amateurism-origins-history

Source Summary: The article, Tracing the Origins of College Sport Amateurism, explores the reasons for the present-day obsession over amateurism in the college sporting world. The article explores the origins of the concept of amateurism, specifically delving into the ties it has to socioeconomic class and politics, and the power dynamics between players, coaches, and institutions.

2.
Topic: Public Perception

Question: How does the public's level of awareness regarding the struggles of college athletes in relation to the NCAA impact the dynamics of college sporting programs?

Secondary Source Link: https://www.insider.com/college-athletes-protest-the-ncaa-2021-3

Source Summary: The article linked discusses a protest against the NCAA policy against college athletes being paid. More specifically, this article provides evidence regarding how college athletes bring awareness to the challenges they face.

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Collegiate athletes are being overtrained just like the athlete seen above

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Is the 20 Hour Rule really accurate? Collegiate sporting programmes are pushing athletes to their breaking point. With a mandate of 'Only 20 hours a week of athletic related activities allowed' collegiate sporting programmes are finding ways to manipulate the recording of these hours exceeding well over this 20 hour limit. This causes the athletes partaking in hours and hours of athletic activities- beyond realistic measures and exceeding the 20 hour limit.  Do the coaches and governing bodies of collegiate programmes have realistic expectations of their student athletes? Collegiate athletes are not superhuman.