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exist between organisms of two different species that live together in direct contact.

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A relationship that occurs when two or more organisms need the same resource at the same time.
Competition can be among the members of the same or different species and usually occurs with organisms that share the same niche.
An ecological niche refers to the role of an organism in its environment including type of food it eats, how it obtains its food and how it interacts with others.
Competition usually results in a decrease of the population of a species less adapted to compete for a particular resource.

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Interaction between species in which one species (predator) eats the other (prey). This interaction helps regulate the population , causing it to become stable. Fluctuations in predator-prey populations are predictable. At some point the prey population grows so numerous that they are easy to find.

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As with individual organisms, a hierarchical structure exists;
groups of the same organisms (species) form populations, different populations interact to form communities,
communities live within an ecosystem, and all of the ecosystems on Earth make up the biosphere.

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are complex, interactive systems.
are dynamic in nature
their characteristics can vary over time

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Ecosystems are sustained by the continuous flow of energy.
Disruptions to any physical or biological component of an ecosystem can lead to shifts in all its populations.
Biodiversity describes the variety of species found in Earth's terrestrial and oceanic ecosystems.
The completeness or integrity of an ecosystem's biodiversity is often used as a measure of its health.

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Interactions among organisms:

generate stability

can facilitate or restrain growth

can enhance or limit the size of populations, maintaining  the balance between available resources and those who consume them

can change biotic and abiotic characteristics of the environment.

A stable ecosystem is one where

the population numbers of each organism fluctuate at a predictable rate.

the supply of resources in the physical environment fluctuates at a predictable rate

energy flows through the ecosystem at a fairly constant rate over time

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A population is a group of organisms belonging to same species that live in a particular area.
Populations can be described based on their size, density, or distribution.
Population density measures the number of individual organisms living in a defined space.
Density-dependent factor Limiting factors that operate more strongly on large populations than on small ones. These include competition for food, water, shelter, mate and space, predation, parasitism, and disease.
Density-independent factors: Limiting factors that occur regardless of how large the population is and reduce the size of all populations in the area in which they occur by the same proportion. Density-independent factors are mostly abiotic (such as weather), human activities (such as. pollution), and natural disasters (such as fires)

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Organisms and populations of organisms are dependent on their environmental interactions both with living and non-living factors.