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WOW! All i can say is WOW! I was truly excited reading all of the information provided. I am so glad you guys did this disease, you guys laid out all of the most important details such as symptoms, treatments and more. I wish we can share this padlet with all the women in the world. This is so important to understand and learn about. A lot of women are not really aware of the things that can trigger Cervical Cancer and it's so sad. I love this padlet so much, thank you and kudos to you guys. Amazing work! WOW!!!!!

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I had no idea that Alabama has the highest mortality rate among black women in the US! That's insane. The country needs to figure out a way for people to get better access to healthcare for preventative measures.

Despite the unfortunate information, you guys planned this out well! It's easy to read and sort through

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First, I want to congratulate your group for the work you’ve done in your Padlet. The padlet looks great. I specifically liked Ana’s story it is sad that she just normalized getting abnormal paps, but this taught her to questions doctors and request more info if necessary. I learned that women who smokes are at a higher risk of developing cervical cancer its something I would of never relate. I definetly became more knowledgeable about cervical cancer after this. The padlet has a lot of great information. Well done !

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Great Presentation, beautifully done! I learned to look out for risk factors as some can be sort of prevented. I learned the importance of cervical cancer screenings. I appreciate that you guys wrote what each test and the reasoning why the risk factors exist. It expanded my mind to be more aware and knowledgeable about Cervical cancer. I would have never thought that smoking is a risk factor too that was surprising to learn. Your information made me wonder why aren't we learning these in like High School, why talking about our reproductive systems and sex is still a taboo in the learning system. I loved your padlet I can tell that a lot of time, thought, and research was put into the project.

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Great presentation guys! The amount of information provided is very resourceful. I appreciate the dedication put into this very important Padlet. What i've gained knowledge on is that Cervical Cancer along with other related cancer viruses can be substantially prevented with the HPV vaccination. At the early screening age of 21 and receiving yearly check ups can help providers detect the early signs or symptoms of Cervical Cancer to provide proper treatment.

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I absolutely love your entire padlet! I love how everything is color coordinated and you have really good information! I learned that screenings are important when you are 21 years old I never knew this. Also, as a black woman I like that you all added a video about why black women need to get screened for cervical cancer. It was very informative, I did not know the mortality rate was so high. Very good job!

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I did not realize that hpv could lead to cancer, that is good information to know. I like how all the information was presented in a way that I could easily read and watch the videos without too much scrolling or confusion.

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Something I learned is that one of the risks factor is being sexually active when you’re at a young age. I didn’t think that would contribute to that. I think the padlet is very organized, it really shows a lot of information.

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You guys really did this!! It is beautifully written and thought out! You guys gave A LOT of important information that some of us don't even know. I applaud you all!

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You would be able to understand cervical cancer after reviewing the following information.

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Cervical cancer develops when the cervix's healthy cells undergo a change and turn malignant.

Tumors are created when these healthy cells multiply and enlarge uncontrollably.

The uterus, vagina, and other body parts are only a few organs to which cervical cancer can spread.

There are more than 100 different HPV strains, but in the US, HPV 16 and HPV 18 have been linked to cervical cancer.

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Diagnosis:

Cervical cancer screenings should start when you are 21 years old.

Pap test (Pap smear): A doctor removes a few cells from the interior of your cervix using a long swab. The swab is sent to a lab to be examined for abnormal cells.

HPV test: A doctor collects a small sample of cervical cells, sends it to a lab, and has the high-risk HPV strains examined there.

If a Pap test reveals cervical cancer symptoms or alterations in the cervical cells, your doctor may advise additional tests, such as:

Colposcopy

Biopsy

Imaging test

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What I learned about cervical cancer, is there are two ways to prevent it. Having regular screening tests such as a pap smear, and getting vaccinated against HPV. You guys did a great job with your padlet! There is a lot of useful information and you guys put it together very nicely. 10/10!

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Depending on the stage of cervical cancer, different treatments will be used. The staging process reveals whether and how far the cancer has progressed throughout the body. This might assist you and your oncologist in selecting the most effective treatment options.

Surgery is the most common form of treatment, but other options include pelvic lymph node dissections.

conization (where a cone-shaped section of tissue from the cervix is removed)

hysterectomy (when the uterus and cervix are removed)

para-aortic lymphadenectomy (when lymph nodes are removed from around the aorta, the main blood vessel that leads to the heart).

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Risk factors

The most vulnerable groups to this virus are those with high-risk sexual behavior.

History of cervical cancer in the family. Your risk of acquiring cervical cancer is higher than if no one in your family has the condition if your mother or sister had it.

Being sexually active at a younger age

Having several sexual partners

Engaging in unprotected sex

Having an immune system that has been compromised by HIV or any drug that suppresses the immune system,

Not receiving the HPV vaccine

Women who smoke are at a higher risk of developing cervical cancer

Women that took diethylstilbestrol (DES) before childbirth, a drug that was once prescribed to pregnant women to reduce the risk of miscarriage

Long-term oral birth control

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("center for Disease Control and Prevention 2021")

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Being a woman, this may happen to any of us and is a very unpredictable journey. I identified myself with Ana's story. Ana is a cervical cancer survivor. Due to cervical cancer, I underwent a hysterectomy at the age of 26. Cervical cancer also affected my mother and my aunt. I only have one sexual partner, so at that point, my thoughts were going a thousand miles an hour, which made me feel incredibly confused. Those memories still make me cry because they remind me of how difficult those first few days were, but with the proper medical treatment and healthcare professionals, I was able to get through them.

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Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC)

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Cervical cancer important facts.

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- Video explain why Hispanic women are prone to the cancer.
- Mentions how lack of resources plays a major role in the Hispanic women getting the cancer.

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IARC ESTAMPA study and cervical cancer in Latin America

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This website by the Kaiser Family Foundation shows the US state and its number of deaths as well as death rates in 2021.

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KFF Headquarters: 185 Berry St., Suite 2000, San Francisco, CA 94107 | Phone 650-854-9400 Washington Offices and Barbara Jordan Conference Center: 1330 G Street, NW, Washington, DC 20005 | Phone 202-347-5270

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Alabama Has The Highest Death Rate in the US

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Alabama Has The Highest Death Rate in the US

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+ This video introduces the Cervical Cancer health disparities among Black women in Alabama. In Alabama, the mortality rate from Cervical Cancer is higher than in other states in the US, and Black women are two times more likely to die from the disease despite it being preventable.

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Black Women in Alabama Suffer from Cervical Cancer

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+ Disadvantaged groups, for example, ethnic minorities and those of low-income backgrounds. (Markt, 2018)
+Non-Hispanic Black women were at higher risk of dying from Cervical Cancer than Hispanic and White women. (Markt, 2018)
+Black and Hispanic women, especially those living in the South. (Markt, 2018)

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+Women without Insurance or a primary care provider are affected. (Markt, 2018)
+ Patients with Cervical Cancer that depend on Medicaid are at higher risk of death than those who use private insurance due to Medicaid patients receiving inadequate quality therapy. (Markt, 2018)
+ Region. The distances between minority neighborhoods to Cancer treatment centers posed a threat to poor women of color in receiving adequate treatment.
+Language barriers, as well as a lack of adequate education in health.
+Younger women are at highest risks of Cervical Cancer.

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This is a voice summary of the groups at risk of Cervical Cancer with which I discuss who is most affected and why that may be.

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A perception is the vaccine and screening may cause discomfort.

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Why Black women need to get screened for Cervical Cancer

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Why Black women need to get screened for Cervical Cancer

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Mayo Clinic Minute - Why Black women need to get screened for cervical cancer

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- I explained my experience on trying to get a pap smear appointment.
- Mentions HPV vaccine.

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Hello, my name is Tatiana Santa. After reviewing everything that I've learned about cervical cancer, I noticed that I, as a Hispanic ...

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47% white women tend to take the HPV vaccine of the population.

65%  white women with knowledge of the vaccine get it. (Tatari,2020,p.2)

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36.7% of Black women get the HPV vaccine (Boersma,2020,p.2)

36.1% of Hispanic women get the HPV vaccine (Boersma,2020,p.2)

39.9% of the total women from ages 18-26 as of 2018 got at least one HPV vaccine (Boersma,2020,p.1)

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Outcomes/treatment disparities in Black and Hispanic groups of women

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Outcomes/treatment disparities in Black and Hispanic groups of women

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If vaccinated with the HPV doses it could prevent cervical cancer in about 20 out of 1,000 women.

90 out of 100 vaccinations may experience discomfort and pain.

Skin redness in 30 out of 100 vaccinations

Swelling in 40 out of 100 vaccinations

Source: (Institute for Quality and Efficiency in Health Care, 2018, p.1)

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https://www.mote.com/m/m2rwx8x

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Hello, my name is Saundra McCray, and I am here to add to the information that I hope you have enjoyed reading about cervical cancer ...

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Low Income & HPV regarding cervical cancer with Black and Hispanic.

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Low Income & HPV regarding cervical cancer with Black and Hispanic.

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Women in these groups tend to live in low-income areas (Tatari,2020,p.1)

Which causes Black & Hispanic not to be knowledgeable about the disease and the HPV vaccine.

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These ethic groups of Black and Hispanic women are less likely to receive treatment.

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- Beliefs and perceptions play a part in Black and Hispanic women ethic groups.
-Affects them getting and/or wanting treatment.

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There are many disparities between races and the ethnic groups of Black and Hispanic.

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- Video shows visualizations of what is removed and/or cured during treatment process of cervical cancer
- Includes every treatment

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http://www.nucleusinc.com/medical-animation This 3D medical animation reviews the treatment options for cervical cancer such as surgery, radiation therapy, and chemotherapy. ANS00408

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Cervical Cancer impact on different groups. (Rabia Khan)

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Cervical Cancer impact on different groups. (Rabia Khan)

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1. Teenagers and Young Adults:

Educating young individuals about HPV vaccination and the importance of safe sexual practices is crucial. Early sexual activity without adequate protection can increase the risk of HPV infection. HPV vaccination, which is typically recommended for both males and females starting at age 11 or 12, can protect against several high-risk HPV types that can cause cervical cancer.

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Adam E, Kaufman RH, Adler-Storthz K, Et Al. A Prospective Study of Association of Herpes Simplex Virus and Human Papillomavirus Infection with Cervical Neoplasia in Women Exposed to Diethylstilbestrol in Utero. Int J Cancer. 1985;35:19-26., n.d.)
Boersma P, Black LI. Human papillomavirus vaccination among adults aged 18−26, 2013−2018. NCHS Data Brief, no 354. Hyattsville, MD: National Center for Health Statistics. 2020.

Brisson, M., Kim, J. J., Canfell, K., Drolet, M., Gingras, G., Burger, E. A., Martin, D., Simms, K. T., Bénard, É., Boily, M., Sy, S., Regan, C., Keane, A., Caruana, M., Nguyen, D. T. N., Smith, M. A., Laprise, J., Jit, M., Alary, M., . . . Hutubessy, R. (2020). Impact of HPV vaccination and cervical screening on cervical cancer elimination: A comparative modeling analysis in 78 low-income and lower-middle-income countries. The Lancet (British Edition), 395(10224), 575-590. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(20)30068-4

Institute for Quality and Efficiency in Health Care (IQWiG). (2018, December 19). HPV vaccine to prevent cervical cancer. InformedHealth.org - NCBI Bookshelf. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK279261/

Jin Young Choi, Kyoung Eun Yeob, Seung Hwa Hong, So Young Kim, Eun-Hwan Jeong, Dong Wook Shin, Jong Heon Park, Gil-won Kang, Hak Soon Kim, Jong Hyock Park, Ichiro Kawachi

Suk, R., Hong, Y.-R., Rajan, S. S., Xie, Z., Zhu, Y., & Spencer, J. C. (2022). Assessment of US Preventive Services Task Force Guideline-Concordant Cervical Cancer Screening Rates and Reasons for Under Screening by Age, Race and Ethnicity, Sexual Orientation, Rurality, and Insurance, 2005 to 2019. JAMA Network Open, 5(1), e2143582. https://ezproxy.ccp.edu:2165/10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2021.43582

O'Donovan, J., O'Donovan, C., & Nagraj, S. (2019). The role of community health workers in cervical cancer screening in low-income and middle-income countries: a systematic scoping review of the literature. BMJ global health, 4(3), e001452. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmjgh-2019-001452

Smith, M. A., Edwards, S., & Canfell, K. (2017). Impact of the National Cervical Screening Programme in New Zealand by age: analysis of cervical cancer trends 1985–2013 in all women and in Māori women. Cancer Causes & Control, 28(12), 1393-1404. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10552-017-0967-y

Tatari, C. R., Andersen, B., Brogaard, T., Badre-Esfahani, S. K., Jaafar, N., & Kirkegaard, P. (2020). Perceptions about cancer and barriers towards cancer screening among ethnic minority women in a deprived area in Denmark - a qualitative study. BMC Public Health, 20(1), 921. https://ezproxy.ccp.edu:2165/10.1186/s12889-020-09037-1

Video References:

Last Reviewed: December 6, 2022

Division of Cancer Prevention and Control, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, (2022, December 6)

Cervical Cancer Survivor Shares What She Wishes She Knew Before Diagnosis | What I Wish I Knew | Watch (msn.com)

IARC ESTAMPA study and cervical cancer in Latin America. (2018, January 31). Youtube. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=MYfVpC5hlgs

Mayo Clinic Minute - Why Black women need to get screened for cervical cancer. (2022, January 19). [Video]. Youtube. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Zvh20yQqeK4&t=13s

Nucleus Medical Media. (2010, November 2). Treatments for Cervical Cancer [Video]. YouTube. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=KmksX25hgmc

Photo References:

Different women Races. (2020, August). Bing Images. https://www.bing.com/images/search?view=detailV2&ccid=fTvhnHNQ&id=97036E706A1444D88FE718CDC54651C972238E52&thid=OIP.fTvhnHNQBkoCKOfVV3zILgHaDt&mediaurl=https%3a%2f%2fwww.cuddyfeder.com%2fwp-content%2fuploads%2f2020%2f08%2fImage-of-Women--scaled.jpg&cdnurl=https%3a%2f%2fth.bing.com%2fth%2fid%2fR.7d3be19c7350064a0228e7d5577cc82e%3frik%3dUo4jcslRRsXNGA%26pid%3dImgRaw%26r%3d0&exph=1280&expw=2560&q=Different+women+Races+Cartoon+&simid=608019498190249470&FORM=IRPRST&ck=31E8E9705A99438971A85843E2898CA6&selectedIndex=1&ajaxhist=0&ajaxserp=0

Happy Women Day. (n.d.). Freepik. https://www.freepik.com/premium-vector/different-religions-female-group-white_6895178.htm

Hispanic Woman stock illustration. (n.d.). iStock. https://www.istockphoto.com/illustrations/hispanic-woman

HPV Vaccine Associated with Improved Fertility in Some Women. (2017, September). BU School of Public Health. https://www.bu.edu/sph/news/articles/2017/hpv-vaccine-associated-with-improved-fertility-in-some-women/

Human Papilloma Virus Vaccine in a glass vial for HPV. (n.d.). Shutter Stock. https://www.shutterstock.com/image-photo/human-papilloma-virus-vaccine-glass-vial-1316317859

Lower Income stock illustrations. (2020, September). iStock. https://www.istockphoto.com/illustrations/lower-income

Vaccine cuts rate of HPV infection, precancerous lesions. (2019, July). Medical News Today. https://www.bing.com/images/search?view=detailV2&ccid=zlT5BC2d&id=9F97BDE192F34CDC133EC2C9C401719400C79558&thid=OIP.zlT5BC2doTl7XJxfHikn-gHaFj&mediaurl=https%3A%2F%2Fcdn-prod.medicalnewstoday.com%2Fcontent%2Fimages%2Fhero%2F325%2F325655%2F325655_1100.jpg&exph=825&expw=1100&q=hpv+vaccine+black+and+hispanic+women&simid=607990193636072279&form=IRPRST&ck=CB3DE80B84993EAD58E1C6120654E811&selectedindex=128&ajaxhist=0&ajaxserp=0&vt=0&sim=11&cdnurl=https%3A%2F%2Fth.bing.com%2Fth%2Fid%2FR.ce54f9042d9da1397b5c9c5f1e2927fa%3Frik%3DWJXHAJRxAcTJwg%26pid%3DImgRaw%26r%3D0

Woman Thinking About Pain During Vaccination stock illustration. (n.d.). Istock. https://www.istockphoto.com/vector/woman-thinking-about-pain-during-vaccination-gm470119398-62270990

Young African American angry woman making crossed arms sign says no. (n.d.). Shutter Stock. https://www.shutterstock.com/image-vector/young-african-american-angry-woman-making-582913315

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Informing Healthcare Workers About Cervical Cancer (Rabia Khan)

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Informing Healthcare Workers About Cervical Cancer (Rabia Khan)

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Health workers play an important role in preventing Cervical Cancer.

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What do healthcare workers need do to about Cervical Cancer? (Rabia Khan)

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What do healthcare workers need do to about Cervical Cancer? (Rabia Khan)

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Healthcare workers play an important role in educating patients and promoting preventive measures for cervical cancer.

Healthcare workers should explain that cervical cancer occurs in the cervix, the lower part of the uterus.

Healthcare workers should educate patients about the risk factors for cervical cancer. Many sexual partners, early sexual activity, a weaker immune system, smoking, long-term oral contraceptive usage, and a family history of cervical cancer are some of these risk factors.

Healthcare workers should educate patients about the recommended screening guidelines for cervical cancer.

Health care providers should explain to patients common symptoms and warning signs of cervical cancer. Among these include changes in urine patterns, abnormal vaginal bleeding (during periods, after sex, or after menopause), pelvic pain, pain during sex, and odd vaginal discharge.

Healthcare professionals should tell patients about the many cervical cancer treatment choices, such as surgery, radiation therapy, chemotherapy, and targeted therapy.

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2. Women of Reproductive Age: (Rabia Khan)

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2. Women of Reproductive Age: (Rabia Khan)

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Cervical cancer can affect women in their reproductive years, potentially leading to fertility issues or the need for treatments that can impact fertility, such as surgery or radiation therapy. It's important for women of reproductive age to undergo regular cervical cancer screenings, such as Pap smears or HPV DNA tests, to detect any precancerous or cancerous changes early on.

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While the risk of cervical cancer reduces with age, it can still occur in older women. However, certain factors such as menopause, changes in hormone levels, and age-related health issues can affect how a patient is treated for cervical cancer. The decision regarding treatment options may consider the overall health status and preferences of the individual, as well as the stage and extent of the cancer.

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This video explain what Cervical Cancer is and how to be aware of.
https://youtu.be/Zzm4IGjH1Qg

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+ Diagnosed Black women receive radiation therapy more frequently as treatment than early-stage surgery. (Markt, 2018)
+Black women were likelier to have Medicaid or lack health insurance than their White counterparts. (Markt, 2018)
+ Diagnosed Black women were more likely to have advanced stage Cervical Cancer.
+Based on estimation, Black women receive 18.6% of insurance support and 47.2% of treatment than White women (Markt, 2018)

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Prevention
HPV vaccination is the greatest approach to preventing cervical cancer and other cancers caused by the virus.

The HPV vaccine is incredibly effective. More than 90% of malignancies caused by HPV could be prevented with the use of the HPV vaccine.

Since 2006, infections with the HPV strains that most frequently result in genital warts and malignancies have decreased by 88% in teenage girls and 81% in young adult women.

HPV vaccine can prevent other types of cancers brought on by the virus, such as anal, oropharyngeal (throat), penile, vaginal, and vulvar cancers.

Doctors advised boys as well as girls to get the HPV vaccine.

When a child reaches 11 or 12, the HPV vaccine is recommended as a routine vaccination.

For most individuals beginning the series before their 15th birthday, two doses of the HPV vaccine are advised.

It is recommended to administer the second dosage of the HPV vaccine 6 to 12 months following the first dose.

Teenagers who take two doses fewer than five months apart will need a third dose of the HPV vaccine.

The vaccination can be an option for men and women between the ages of 27 and 45 who have not previously received it and is most effective when administered before exposure.

Vaccination against HPV only prevents new infections; it does not cure pre-existing HPV infections or illnesses, which is very important to remember

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Hello everyone, my name is Rabia Khan. In this video, I will be explaining the early signs and symptoms of cervical cancer. After reviewing everything about that I have learned this semester about cervical cancer, I realized how important it is to be aware of cervical cancer’s early signs and symptoms. Cervical cancer can be prevented if caught early. The early symptoms of cervical cancer are abnormal vaginal bleeding, abnormal discharge, uncomfortable sex, pelvic pain, and problems urinating. So, it’s really important everyone to get a doctor’s help as soon as you notice these symptoms. The University of California states that “health experts recommend regular screenings for cervical cancer because if found early, cervical cancer is very treatable. Screenings can lower a person’s chances of dying from cervical cancer." So, it is highly recommended for women to check regular cervical cancer screenings. 

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In this video, I explained the importance of being aware of the early signs of cervical cancer.

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Hello everyone, my name is Rabia Khan. In this video, I will be explaining the early signs and symptoms of cervical cancer. After reviewing everything about that I have learned this semester about cervical cancer, I realized how important it is to be aware of cervical cancer’s early signs and symptoms. Cervical cancer can be prevented if caught early. The early symptoms of cervical cancer are abnormal vaginal bleeding, abnormal discharge, uncomfortable sex, pelvic pain, and problems urinating. So, it’s really important everyone to get a doctor’s help as soon as you notice these symptoms. The University of California states that “health experts recommend regular screenings for cervical cancer because if found early, cervical cancer is very treatable. Screenings can lower a person’s chances of dying from cervical cancer." So, it is highly recommended for women to check regular cervical cancer screenings. 

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Signs and Symptoms:

vaginal bleeding after sex or pelvic exams.

vaginal discharge that is heavier than usual and is typically milky white or slightly yellow in color or has a strong odor.

bleeding in between periods, changes in menstrual bleeding, longer or heavier-than-normal periods, and unexplained pelvic pain.

Specific signs of advanced cervical cancer may include; blood in the urine

bone fractures,

difficulty urinating

constipation exhaustion

leg swelling or pain

excruciating back pain

unexplained weight loss

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Watch this video where Tamika reflects on what she wish she had known before being diagnosed with Cervical Cancer.

Source: Division of Cancer Prevention and Control, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, (2022, December 6)
Cervical Cancer Survivor Shares What She Wishes She Knew Before Diagnosis | What I Wish I Knew | Watch (msn.com)

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When Tamika Felder was diagnosed with cervical cancer, it felt like a death sentence. She mourned the loss of her fertility after a radical hysterectomy, which felt synonymous with the loss of her womanhood at the time. Upon recovery, she birthed an organization, Cervivor, to provide support and community for women with cervical cancer and fellow survivors. Ultimately, this community opened the door to motherhood for Tamika by way of gestational surrogate - fulfilling one of her lifelong dreams. In this video, she reflects upon her journey and shares what she wishes she knew about cervical cancer before her diagnosis 21 years ago, including early warning signs that she brushed off and the importance of regular pap smears.

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Cervical Cancer Survivor Shares What She Wishes She Knew Before Diagnosis | What I Wish I Knew

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When Tamika Felder was diagnosed with cervical cancer, it felt like a death sentence. She mourned the loss of her fertility after a radical hysterectomy, which felt synonymous with the loss of her womanhood at the time. Upon recovery, she birthed an organization, Cervivor, to provide support and community for women with cervical cancer and fellow survivors.