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Africa circa 1914, controlled by Britain, France, Germany, Spain, Belgium, Italy, and Portugal

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The Zulu War was fought in South Africa because the British and Dutch Boers (locals) wanted to imperialize the Zulu’s land to take their resources. In the early 1800s, Shaka Zulu, leader of the Zulu Kingdom in South Africa, created a centralized state. The Boers, Dutch settlers known as Afrikaners, began taking over land that belonged to the Zulus. In a display of nationalism, Shaka Zulu led the South Africans in attacks against the Boers to protect his empire from Dutch control.

The leaders of the Zulu kingdom after Shaka Zulu were unable to continue his rule and the British began increasing pressure in the area. In the 1880s, The Zulu War was fought against the British as the Zulus tried to keep their independence. The Zulu War shows the growing sense of nationalism within the Zulu Kingdom. The Zulu nation did not have the same amount of weapons that the British had and were defeated. This defeat led to the Zulu nation becoming part of the British Empire.

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How did European Nations "carve" up Africa?

Why did European leaders want from Africa?

When did this event happen?

Which two nations were not taken over by European powers?

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What was the 'Scramble for Africa'? - BBC What's New

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Many European nations wanted to colonize Africa, so Portugal proposed the Berlin Conference as a solution to civil arrange for the "carving up" of Africa.

In 1884, Germany (under the leadership of Otto von Bismarck) hosted the meeting of European nations. In 1884, 80% of Africa was still under local or tribal African rule. There were 14 countries present at the conference: Austria-Hungary, Belgium, Denmark, France, Germany, Great Britain, Italy, the Netherlands, Portugal, Russia, Spain, Sweden-Norway, Turkey, and the United States.

The members of the conference drafted the Berlin Act. This act stated that when a member nation took control of an African region, they had to inform other European countries.

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European countries divide up African regions with no concern for linguistic (language) or ethnic boundaries already established. Once African countries eventually gained freedom, many civil wars and issues still existed because of the ethnic differences within these countries.

The policies put in place destroyed the culture of African tribes. Europeans took over African land and forced locals to mine and farm the area for resources