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https://youtu.be/Tv5XVaD7CvU

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https://youtu.be/YlVskfWbBsk

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One developmentally appropriate classroom activity that supports the development of phonemic awareness is a "Sound Sort" activity. In this activity, students are presented with a set of pictures or words that all begin with the same sound (such as "cat," "car," and "cup"). Students are then asked to sort the pictures or words into groups based on the initial sound they hear.

This activity can be adapted to accommodate the needs of learners at various developmental levels by:

For pre-readers: Using pictures of objects instead of words, and presenting only one or two sounds to sort at a time. For example, sorting pictures of objects that begin with the sounds /m/ and /p/.

For emerging readers: Using simple words, and presenting a larger set of sounds to sort at a time. For example, sorting words that begin with the sounds /b/, /d/, and /g/.

For more advanced readers: Using more complex words, and presenting a larger set of sounds to sort at a time, as well as using more challenging sounds. For example, sorting words that begin with the sounds /s/ and /sh/

For all level of learners: Using a multisensory approach to teaching phonemic awareness by having students say the sound, point to the sound and write the sound

This activity helps students to hear and identify individual sounds within words, which is an important step in developing phonemic awareness. It also helps students to develop their phonological awareness and phonics skills. Additionally, the activity can be done individually or in small groups, and can be used as a formative assessment to check students' understanding of phonemic awareness.

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Two Phonemic Awareness Resources to Assist Families

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Two Phonemic Awareness Resources to Assist Families

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1. "Phonemic Awareness at Home" by Reading Rockets is an online resource that provides families with tips and activities to support the development of phonemic awareness at home. The resource includes activities that can be done with everyday items, such as sorting laundry by the sounds of the words, and games that can be played with minimal materials, such as playing "I Spy" with sounds instead of objects. The resource also includes information on how to support children with different learning styles and tips for working with children who have difficulty with phonemic awareness.

2. "Bilingual Phonemic Awareness at Home" by Colorin Colorado is a website that provides resources for families who speak a language other than English and want to support the development of phonemic awareness in both languages. The website includes activities, games, and videos in both English and Spanish that can be used at home to support phonemic awareness development. It also provides tips for working with children who are just learning English and suggestions for how to support bilingual children in developing phonemic awareness in both languages. This resource is designed to meet the needs of families who may have a communication, cultural, or family/housing dynamic that may be challenging to support learners in the home. It would also be beneficial for families with multilingual children, as it can support phonemic awareness development in both languages (Singh, 2021).

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One developmentally appropriate classroom activity that supports the development of phonics is a "Sound-Letter Matching" activity. In this activity, students are presented with a set of letters and asked to match them to the corresponding sounds they represent. This activity can be done with a variety of materials such as flashcards, magnet letters, or letter tiles.

This activity can be adapted to accommodate the needs of learners at various developmental levels by:

For pre-readers: Using pictures of objects instead of words, and presenting only one or two letters to match at a time. For example, matching the letter "a" to a picture of an apple.

For emerging readers: Using simple words, and presenting a larger set of letters to match at a time. For example, matching the letter "b" to the beginning sound of the word "banana."

For more advanced readers: Using more complex words, and presenting a larger set of letters to match at a time, as well as using more challenging sounds. For example, matching the letter "sh" to the beginning sound of the word "sheep."

For all level of learners: Using a multisensory approach to teaching phonics by having students say the sound, point to the sound and write the letter that makes the sound

This activity helps students to learn the letter-sound correspondences and how to blend sounds together to form words. This activity helps students to develop their phonological awareness and phonics skills. Additionally, the activity can be done individually or in small groups, and can be used as a formative assessment to check students' understanding of phonics.

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Two Phonics Resources to Assist Families

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Two Phonics Resources to Assist Families

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1. "Phonics at Home" by Scholastic is an online resource that provides families with tips and activities to support the development of phonics at home. The resource includes interactive games and activities that focus on different phonics skills, such as recognizing letters and sounds, blending sounds to make words, and segmenting words into sounds. The resource also includes information on how to support children with different learning styles and tips for working with children who have difficulty with phonics.

2. "Building Literacy at Home: A Guide for Families" by the National Center for Families Learning is an online resource that provides families with information and activities to support the development of phonics, as well as other literacy skills, at home. The resource includes information on how to support children with different learning styles, tips for working with children who have difficulty with phonics, and suggested activities that can be done at home. It also includes a section specifically designed to meet the needs of families who may have a communication, cultural, or family/housing dynamic that may be challenging to support learners in the home, providing activities and strategies that are mindful of such realities. This resource is available in both English and Spanish, and can be especially helpful for families who may have language barriers or for whom English is not their primary language  (Phonics, n.d.).

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https://youtu.be/ywT7ayev8vk

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One developmentally appropriate classroom activity that supports the development of fluency is "Choral Reading." Choral reading is when the teacher and students read a text together, with the teacher leading the reading and the students following along.

This activity can be adapted to accommodate the needs of learners at various developmental levels by:

For pre-readers: Using simple, repetitive texts, such as nursery rhymes, and having the students listen to and join in the repetition of phrases.

For emerging readers: Using simple, predictable texts, such as easy readers, and having the students read along with the teacher, focusing on one word at a time.

For more advanced readers: Using more complex texts, such as chapter books, and having the students read along with the teacher, focusing on fluency strategies, such as phrasing and expression.

For all level of learners: Using a multisensory approach to teaching fluency by having students listen, read, and say the words together.

This activity helps students to improve their reading fluency by practicing reading with a model and with their peers. This helps to increase their speed, accuracy, and overall fluency. Additionally, it is a way to build a sense of community and helps to create a positive classroom environment.

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Two Fluency Resources to Assist Families

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Two Fluency Resources to Assist Families

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1. "Fluency Fun" by Reading A-Z is an online resource that provides families with tips and activities to support the development of fluency at home. The resource includes interactive games and activities that focus on different fluency skills, such as reading with expression and accuracy, and building reading stamina. The resource also includes information on how to support children with different learning styles and tips for working with children who have difficulty with fluency.

2. "Reading at Home: A Guide for Families" by the National Center for Families Learning is an online resource that provides families with information and activities to support the development of fluency, as well as other literacy skills, at home. The resource includes information on how to support children with different learning styles, tips for working with children who have difficulty with fluency, and suggested activities that can be done at home. It also includes a section specifically designed to meet the needs of families who may have a communication, cultural, or family/housing dynamic that may be challenging to support learners in the home, providing activities and strategies that are mindful of such realities, such as using picture books and storytelling to support the development of fluency in a child's first language before introducing them to reading in English. This resource is available in both English and Spanish, and can be especially helpful for families who may have language barriers or for whom English is not their primary language (6 Great Online Reading Resources for Parents and Learning Coaches, 2020).

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One developmentally appropriate classroom activity to support vocabulary development is "Word of the Day". This activity can accommodate the needs of learners at various developmental levels by incorporating multiple modes of learning and opportunities for interaction.
To begin, the teacher introduces a new word each day, using visual aids such as pictures, videos, or gestures to help students understand the meaning. Then, students can participate in various activities that reinforce the word, such as using it in a sentence, writing a definition, or creating a visual representation.
For younger students or those at early stages of language development, the teacher can lead them in a simple, concrete activity related to the word, such as sorting pictures of items that belong in a category (e.g., fruit). For older students or those with more advanced language skills, the teacher can incorporate more abstract or complex activities, such as writing a short story that incorporates the word.
Throughout the activity, students have opportunities to practice using the new word in different contexts, engage in social interaction with their peers, and receive feedback from the teacher to help them better understand and retain the word.
This activity is flexible enough to be adapted for different age levels and can be easily integrated into any classroom routine.

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Two Vocabulary Resources to Assist Families

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Two Vocabulary Resources to Assist Families

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1. "Word a Day" at-home vocabulary program: This resource is a printable or digital vocabulary program that families can use at home to support vocabulary development. Each day, families receive a new word, along with a definition and an illustration, to study and practice using in context. Additionally, the program provides engaging, hands-on activities that help make learning fun, such as matching games, word puzzles, and writing prompts. This resource is particularly useful for families who may have limited access to educational materials or technology, as it can be easily printed and used with limited resources.
2. Bilingual/multilingual vocabulary resources: For families who may have a communication, cultural, or family/housing dynamic that may be challenging to support learners at home, bilingual or multilingual vocabulary resources such as the BBC: Learning English website can be especially helpful. These resources provide words and definitions in the families' native language(s), alongside the target language, making it easier for children to connect new words to their existing language knowledge. These resources can be in the form of books, videos, or online resources, and can be tailored to the specific needs of the family and child, such as age, language background, and interests.

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One developmentally appropriate classroom activity to support comprehension is "Storytelling with Story Maps". This activity accommodates the needs of learners at various developmental levels by providing a visual and interactive way for students to understand and recall information from a story.
To begin, the teacher reads a short story to the class, stopping at various points to ask questions and check for understanding. Then, the class works together to create a story map on a large piece of paper or whiteboard. The story map includes elements such as characters, setting, problem, and resolution.
For younger students or those at early stages of language development, the teacher can provide concrete, visual aids such as pictures or manipulatives to help them understand and interact with the story elements. For older students or those with more advanced language skills, the teacher can incorporate more abstract or complex elements, such as themes or inference.
Throughout the activity, students have opportunities to practice listening and speaking, as well as engage in social interaction with their peers. The story map serves as a visual reference for students to refer back to, helping them recall and retain information from the story.
This activity can be adapted for different stories and age levels and can be easily integrated into any classroom routine. Additionally, it provides students with a foundation for understanding and comprehending more complex texts in the future.

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Two Comprehension Resources to Assist Families

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Two Comprehension Resources to Assist Families

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1. "Reading Together" program: This resource is a printable or digital reading program that families can use at home to support comprehension development. Each week, families receive a new story, along with questions and activities to help them understand and recall information from the story. The program provides an opportunity for families to engage in shared reading experiences, with the parent or caregiver acting as a facilitator to encourage the child's understanding and engagement with the text. This resource is particularly useful for families who may have limited access to educational materials or technology, as it can be easily printed and used with limited resources.
2. Bilingual/multilingual books and videos: For families who may have a communication, cultural, or family/housing dynamic that may be challenging to support learners in the home, resources like Star Bright Books which provide bilingual or multilingual books and videos can be especially helpful. These resources provide a way for children to connect new information to their existing language knowledge and cultural background. The books and videos can be in the families' native language(s), alongside the target language, making it easier for children to understand and comprehend the information. These resources can be in the form of books, videos, or online resources and can be tailored to the specific needs of the family and child, such as age, language background, and interests.

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Resources to support the components of reading

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Resources to support the components of reading

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1. "The Science of Reading: What the Research Tells Us about Teaching Children to Read" by Stephen Krashen (Book) - This book provides a comprehensive overview of the research on reading development and the factors that contribute to reading success, making it an ideal resource for teachers and parents.
2. "The ABCs of How We Learn" by Daniel Willingham (Video) - This TEDx talk provides an engaging and accessible explanation of the cognitive processes involved in reading, and how these processes can be supported and developed through instructional practices.
3. "Reading Rockets" (Website) - This website provides a wealth of information, resources, and strategies to support reading development, including resources for English language learners (ELL), special education, and gifted and talented students.
For students with exceptionalities, two resources are:
4. "Differentiated Instructional Strategies for English Language Learners, K-12" by Talia Milgrom-Elcott (Book) - This book provides practical and effective strategies for supporting English language learners in the classroom, including strategies for building vocabulary, comprehension, and fluency.
5. "Reading Matters: A Guide to Effective Reading Instruction for Struggling Readers" by David Kilpatrick (Video) - This video provides an overview of the science of reading, with a focus on effective instructional practices for struggling readers, including students with special needs. The video includes practical tips and strategies for teachers, as well as examples of effective instruction in action.

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Supporting the development of reading skills in all students, including those with and without exceptionalities, is essential for their success in personal and academic life. To support phonemic awareness, phonics, fluency, vocabulary, and comprehension, it is important to use a multifaceted approach that takes into account the unique needs and abilities of each student.
For students with exceptionalities, it is important to provide targeted, explicit instruction in phonemic awareness, phonics, and fluency that is tailored to their individual needs. This may involve using specialized instructional materials, adapting instructional strategies, and providing extra support and practice.
For students without exceptionalities, it is still important to provide strong foundational instruction in phonemic awareness, phonics, and fluency, as well as opportunities for practice and application in real-world situations. This can be done through a variety of engaging activities and games, as well as through independent reading and writing opportunities.
In terms of vocabulary and comprehension, it is important for all students to be exposed to a wide range of high-quality texts and be encouraged to engage in discussions and activities that promote critical thinking and a deeper understanding of the texts. This can be achieved through whole-group instruction, small-group instruction, and independent reading.
For students with exceptionalities, it is also important to provide additional support and resources to help them build vocabulary and comprehension, such as graphic organizers, visual aids, and adapted texts.
In conclusion, supporting the development of reading skills in all students requires a multifaceted approach that takes into account the unique needs and abilities of each student. By providing strong foundational instruction, targeted support, and opportunities for practice and application, all students can develop the skills and strategies they need to become successful readers and learners.

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6 Great Online Reading Resources for Parents and Learning Coaches. (2020, May 9). Connections Academy. https://www.connectionsacademy.com/support/resources/article/6-great-online-reading-resources-for-parents-and-learning-coaches/

Phonics. (n.d.). Reading Rockets. https://www.readingrockets.org/literacyapps/phonics

Singh, M. (2021, January 4). 8 Websites that help in building Phonemic Awareness. Number Dyslexia. https://numberdyslexia.com/phonemic-awareness-websites/

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