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Discovery of America (11th century  & 1492)

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Discovery of America (11th century  & 1492)

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It is generally believed that Columbus was the first European to discover America in 1492, it is now well known that Lief Erikson was the first European to reach the shores of North America in Canada in the 11th century. Later in 1492, Christopher Columbus reached the Americas looking for the Spice Islands.

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The Mayflower was an English ship that transported groups of English families known as pilgrims to the New World (America) in 1620. The Mayflower Compact was the first government document to be signed in the New World. It gave the Mayflower Passengers the right to settle near the Hudson River (New York). The Mayflower is important because it carried the pilgrims to Plymouth, Massachusetts, where they established the first permanent New England colony in 1620.

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Declaration of Independence (July 4, 1776)

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Declaration of Independence (July 4, 1776)

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The Declaration of Independence was a formal explanation of why the Continental Congress had voted to declare its independence from Great Britain, a year after the American Revolution. The declaration, authored by Thomas Jefferson, was made to guarantee equal rights for every person. The Declaration of Independence was adopted by the Second Continental Congress meeting at the Pennsylvania State House in Philadelphia on July 4. 1776. It was signed by 56 American founding fathers.

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The Revolutionary War (1775-83), also known as the American Revolution, arose from growing tensions between residents of Great Britain's 13 North American. It began when 13 of Britain's North American colonies rejected its imperial rule. The protest began in opposition to taxes levied without colonial representation by the British monarchy and Parliament. The Taxation Acts, the Boston Massacre, the Boston Tea Party, and the Intolerable Acts were the four main causes that lead to the American Revolution. In October 1781, the war virtually came to an end when General Cornwallis was surrounded and forced to surrender the British position at Yorktown, Virginia. Two years later, the Treaty of Paris made it official: America was independent.

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The Federal Convention convened in the State House (Independence Hall) in Philadelphia on May 14, 1787, to revise the Articles of Confederation.

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The idea that the United States is destined—by God, its advocates believed—to expand its dominion and spread democracy and capitalism across the entire North American continent: coast to coast.

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The president of the time was Thomas Jefferson who bought this land without the support of the constitution. In this transaction with France, signed on April 30, 1803, the United States purchased 828,000 square miles of land west of the Mississippi River for $15 million. For roughly 4 cents an acre, the United States doubled its size, expanding the nation westward.

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This war was fought between the United States and Great Britain over British violations of U.S. maritime rights. The War of 1812 produced a new generation of great American generals, including Andrew Jackson, Jacob Brown and Winfield Scott, and helped propel no fewer than four men to the presidency: Jackson, John Quincy Adams, James Monroe and William Henry Harrison.

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Francis Scott Key was involved in negotiating the release of an American doctor held prisoner by the Royal Navy when the British sought to soften up the defenses of Baltimore. Key was not on a British ship, but on the frigate U.S. President when he observed the dramatic day-long bombardment of Fort McHenry. Key penned the lyrics of the song, but adopted an existing tune, that of the popular British song Anacreon in Heaven.

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The Mexican-American War of 1846-1848 was a combination of Mexican unwillingness to recognize Texas independence, the desire of Texans for statehood, and American desire for westward expansion. This war impacted America as we gained land such as Texas and California.

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The Civil War in the United States began in 1861, after many years of tensions between northern and southern states over slavery, states’ rights and westward expansion. The election of Abraham Lincoln in 1860 caused several southern states to secede and form the Confederate States of America. The War Between the States, as the Civil War was also known, ended in Confederate surrender in 1865.

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Emancipation Proclamation (Jan. 1, 1863)

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Emancipation Proclamation (Jan. 1, 1863)

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The Emancipation Proclamation was issued by President Abraham Lincoln on January 1, 1863 ( third year of the civil war). The proclamation declared "that all persons held as slaves" within the rebellious states "are, and henceforward shall be free."

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A short war between the United States and Spain. After the cruelty of the Spaniards towards the Cubans and the explosion of the U.S.S Maine, the US entered into war with Spain. The war ended with the 1898 Treaty of Paris, negotiated on terms favorable to the United States. The treaty ceded ownership of Puerto Rico, Guam, and the Philippine islands from Spain to the United States and granted the United States temporary control of Cuba.

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A period of time when citizens fought for the rights of the people and reform through the help of the government. During this time we see the woman's suffrage, the Jungle, prohibition, and other reforms. Many amendments came out of this period.

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World War I, also known as the Great War, began in 1914 after the assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand of Austria. His murder sparked a war across Europe that lasted until 1918. During the conflict, Germany, Austria-Hungary, Bulgaria and the Ottoman Empire (the Central Powers) fought against Great Britain, France, Russia, Italy, Romania, Canada, Japan and the United States (the Allied Powers). this war can be seen to have trench warfare in it.

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The League of Nations was an international organization created after the First World War to provide an organization for resolving international disputes and create peace. Although this was Woodrow Wilsons idea, the United States did not join. The League of Nations did not have a standing army and was not successful.

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Beginning in the mid-19th century, several generations of woman suffrage supporters lectured, wrote, marched, lobbied, and practiced civil disobedience to achieve what many Americans considered a radical change in the Constitution – guaranteeing women the right to vote. in 1920, this right for American women to vote was guaranteed, but the right was not given to people of color.

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Great Depression and Black Thursday (Oct. 24, 1929 and 1930s)

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Great Depression and Black Thursday (Oct. 24, 1929 and 1930s)

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the Great Depression began on “Black Thursday,” October 24, 1929 when the stock market crashed. Many stocks had been purchased on margin—that is, using loans secured by only a small fraction of the stocks' value. As a result, the price declines forced some investors to liquidate their holdings, thus exacerbating the fall in prices. A combination of the New Deal and World War II lifted the U.S. out of the Depression.

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This was the genocide of European Jews during World War II. Between 1941 and 1945, Nazi Germany and its collaborators. Jews, gays, people of color, and others were sent to concentration camps to be worked, starved, and sometimes were tested on. This was a very dark time in world history.

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World War II, also called Second World War, conflict that involved virtually every part of the world during the years 1939–45. The war was in many respects a continuation of the disputes left unsettled by world war 1/ The 40,000,000–50,000,000 deaths incurred in World War II make it the bloodiest conflict, as well as the largest war, in history. America did not enter the war until 1941 as the result of the attack on Pearl Harbor.

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On December 7, 1941, the Japanese military launched a surprise attack on the United States Naval Base at Pearl Harbor, Hawaii. Since early 1941 the U.S. had been supplying Great Britain in its fight against the Nazis. It had also been pressuring Japan to halt its military expansion in Asia and the Pacific. This was why America entered World War 2.

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In an effort to curb potential Japanese espionage, Executive Order 9066 approved the relocation of Japanese-Americans into internment camps. At first, the relocations were completed on a voluntary basis. Internees lived in uninsulated barracks furnished only with cots and coal-burning stoves. Residents used common bathroom and laundry facilities, but hot water was usually limited. The camps were surrounded by barbed-wire fences patrolled by armed guards who had instructions to shoot anyone who tried to leave.

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The United Nations was established after World War II in an attempt to maintain international peace and security and to achieve cooperation among nations on economic, social, and humanitarian problems. Its forerunner was the League of Nations, an organization conceived under similar circumstances following World War I.

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The Truman Doctrine, President Harry S. Truman established that the United States would provide political, military and economic assistance to all democratic nations under threat from external or internal authoritarian forces. The Truman Doctrine effectively reoriented U.S. foreign policy, away from its usual stance of withdrawal from regional conflicts not directly involving the United States, to one of possible intervention in far away conflicts.

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Cold War, the open yet restricted rivalry that developed after World War II between the United States and the Soviet Union and their respective allies. The Cold War was waged on political, economic, and propaganda fronts and had only limited recourse to weapons.

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North Korea attacked South Korea on June 25, 1950, igniting the Korean War. Cold War assumptions governed the immediate reaction of US leaders, who instantly concluded that Soviet Premier Joseph Stalin had ordered the invasion as the first step in his plan for world conquest. On June 27, 1950, the United States officially entered the Korean War. The U.S. supported the Republic of Korea (South Korea), in repelling an invasion from the Democratic People's Republic of Korea.

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China had become communist in 1949 and communists were in control of North Vietnam. The USA was afraid that communism would spread to South Vietnam and then the rest of Asia. It decided to send money, supplies and military advisers to help the South Vietnamese Government. This war was hard because of the gorilla warfare aspect of it.

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The civil rights movement was a nonviolent social and political movement and campaign from 1954 to 1968 in the United States to abolish legalized segregation and discrimination.

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He was an American Baptist minister and activist, one of the most prominent leaders in the civil rights movement. His adoption of nonviolent resistance to achieve equal rights for Black Americans earned him the Nobel Peace Prize in 1964.. He led the bus boycott in Montagormary, Alabama and gave the famous I Have A Dream speech.

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The "Little Rock Nine," as the nine teens came to be known, were to be the first African American students to enter Little Rock's Central High School. They made their way through a crowd shouting obscenities and even throwing objects. Once the students reached the front door the National Guard prevented them from entering the school and were forced to go home. The student's effort to enroll was supported by the U.S. Supreme Court's decision in Brown v. Board of Education (1954), which had declared segregated schooling to be unconstitutional.

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The Watergate scandal was a major political scandal in the United States involving the administration of President Richard Nixon from 1972 to 1974 that led to Nixon's resignation. The scandal stemmed from the Nixon administration's continual attempts to cover up its involvement in the June 17, 1972 break-in of the Democratic National Committee headquarters at the Washington, D.C., Watergate Office Building. Gerald Ford did pardon Nixon.

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This war was began in 1991 after President Saddam Hussein of Iraq ordered the invasion and occupation of neighboring Kuwait in early August 1990. In all, an estimated 8,000 to 10,000 Iraqi forces were killed, in comparison with only 300 coalition troops. Though the Gulf War was recognized as a decisive victory for the coalition, Kuwait and Iraq suffered enormous damage, and Saddam Hussein was not forced from power

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Known as 9/11, it is the day of the four coordinated terrorist attacks carried out by al-Qaeda, an Islamist extremist group, that occurred on the morning of September 11, 2002. The group took over planes and flew them into the twin towers, the Pentagon, and attempted to crash into the White House.

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The primary rationalization for the Iraq War was articulated by a joint resolution of the United States Congress known as the Iraq Resolution. The US claimed the intent was to "disarm Iraq of weapons of mass destruction, to end Saddam Hussein's support for terrorism, and to free the Iraqi people". U.S. President George W. Bush argued for launching a military attack on Iraq. On March 17, 2003, Bush declared an end to diplomacy.