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*Leif Erickson in 1001 landed in Vineland which is now Canada.
*Christopher Columbus landed in America in 1942
*Columbus's journey was considered a failure
*67 day voyage

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*Journey Began August 1620
*102 Passengers and 26 Crew Members
*Nov. 11th the ship dropped anchor in Cape Cod, Massachusetts
*Took 66 days, 2750 mile journey
*Only 53 passengers and half the crew survived the first winter
* Purpose: Religious Freedom

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* Adopted July 4, 1776
*56 Delegates signed it
*Founding Fathers: John Adams, Benjamin Franklin, Alexander Hamilton, John Jay, Thomas Jefferson, James Madison, John Adams, and George Washington.
*Formally stated reasons for separation (reasons for war) and summarized philosophy of liberty.

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* Colonists vs. Great Britian
*Alexander Hamiltion was a founding Father
*Reasons for war - "Taxation with Representation", American colonies paying was debt for French and Indian War
*Sugar Act, Stamp Act, Townshed Act, and other taxes

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*Met in Independence Hall in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.
*James Madison "Father of the Constitution"
*Needed to be ratified by 9 states

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*Land deal between the United States and France
*U.S. acquired 827,000 square miles west of the Mississippi River. Doubled the U.S.
*$15 million = $68 million Francs
*President was Thomas Jefferson

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*Late 1700s-1800s
*The belief that the United States of America was destined to expand from the East to the West coast.

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*1812-1815
* Also known as "The Second War of Independence"
*Reason for War
- Trade Restrictions
- Impressment of 10,000 American          Merchant Sailors into the British Navy
- British support of Native Americans fighting American Settlers on the Frontier

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*Written September 14,1814
*The U.S. was at war with Great Britain
*Francis Scott Key wrote while stuck on a ship in the Baltimore Harbor.

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*The President was James Polk
*Went to war over Texas Territory
*Treaty - Mexicans living in the U.S. were offered citizenship

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*Emancipation Proclamation put into effect - 1863
*North (Union) against the South (Confederacy)
*President - Abraham Lincoln

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*January 1, 1863
*Author: Abraham Lincoln
*November 19, 1863 the Gettysburg Address was given
* Only freed states during war and only the states that rebelled

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*To improve society started with reforms to working conditions, humanize how they treat the mentally ill and prisoners
*National American Woman's Suffrage Association (1890)
*Women's Right to vote: ratified 1920
*Amendments 16-19,21

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*United State and Cuba vs. Spain
*On February 15,1898 the U.S.S Maine exploded and sank
*Rough Riders
- 1st U.S. volunteer calvary
- Theodore Roosevelt was one of the leaders
* December 10, 1898 Treaty of Paris was signed

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*1914-1919 ( U.S. joins in 1917)
*Begins with assassination of Archduke Franciz Ferdinand and his wife of Austria
*Allied- Great Britain, Russia, France, Belgium, and more.
*Central Powers - Germany, Austria, Hungary, Bulgaria
*Great War ended November 11, 1918
*Treaty of Versailles signed 1919

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*January 10, 1920
*President proposed - Woodrow Wilson
*Purpose - to solve disputes or problems before they erupted and to prevent Warfare
*The United States does not take part

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*Black Thursday Oct. 24,1929
*Oct. 29,1929 - Stock Market Crash
*Dust Bowl 1930s
* President - Herbert C. Hoover
*WW2 pulled us out of the depression

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* National American Women Suffrage Association Founders- Elizabeth Cady Stanton and Susan B. Anthony
*Declaration of Sentiments - laid out what the rights of American women should be
19th Amendment - Guarantees all American women the right to vote. Ratified Aug. 18,1920

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*1933-1945 during WW2
*Jews, those with disabilities, Jehovah Witness and LGTBQ were targeted
* Placed in concentration camps. Many were gassed or shot on arrival to camps. Families were separated.
*6 million lives were taken

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*September 1, 1939 - September 2, 1945 (U.S. joined 1941-1945)
*War sparked by Adolf Hitler's invasion of Poland.
* Japan bombs Pearl Harbor Dec. 7, 1941 - Congress declares war on Japan
*Germany and Italy declare war on U.S.
* June 6, 1944 D-Day

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*Dec.7,1941
* A U.S. naval base located near Honolulu, Hawaii
*Japan bombs Pearl Harbor
*Dec. 8,1941 U.S. congress declared war on Japan
*U.S. officially enters WW2

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*Feb.19, 1942
*President Roosevelt issued Executive Order 9066 - removal of any suspected enemies including those of Japanese heritage
*March 18,1942 Federal War Relocation Authority was esablished
*Those of Japanese lost everything and were forced to live in these camps\
*In 1983 Congress finally makes a public apology

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*Oct. 1945 Officially comes into existence
*Coined by President Franklin D. Roosevelt
*Representatives from 26 Nations pledged their governments would continue to work together against the axis power
*Today United Nations continues to maintain security and peace.
- 193 countries
- United Nations day is celebrated every year on Oct.24

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*President Truman delivered the speech on March 12, 1947
* This was the start of the Cold War

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*1947 - 1991
*USSR = Communism
*Was a state of political and military tension after WW2 between the U.S. and Soviet Union

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*1950-1953, 2018
*June 25, 1950 - July 22, 1953, 2018
*To stop the spread of communism
*North and South Korea agree to truce - cease fire
*2018 formal treaty signed

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*1954 - 1968
*Brown vs. Board of Education (1954)- ruling ended legal segregation in public schools
*Rosa Parks arrested in Montgomery, Alabama (1955)
*U.S. Congress passes the Civil Rights Act (1957)
*Civil Rights Act of 1964 - law made it illegal to discriminate based on race, color, national origin, religion or gender.
*Bloody Sunday - Selma, Alabama (1965)
*24th Amendment to the constitution ratified
*Voting Rights Act of (1965)
*Little Rock Nine (1957)
*March on Washington and Martin Luther King Jr. "I have a speech dream" speech (1963)

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*Thurgod Marshall
*Earl Warren believed segregation was unconstitutional
*Plessy vs. Ferguson Supreme court ruling was overturned in Brown vs. Board of Education
*Earl Warren supreme court justice helped change the ruling of Brown vs. Board of Education

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*1955-1975
* A conference was held called Geneva Conference in July 1954. Vietnam was divided
*Jan.1973 the U.S. and North Vietnam created a final peace agreement, ending open hostilities between the two nations.
*Effects of the war - divided American, economically, and soldiers and their families were changed

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*June 1972-August 1974
*Was caused because Nixon wanted to win the next presidential election. He had his men steal classified documents from the democratic part offices and had his men bug their phone.
*President Gerald Ford pardoned Nixon

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*Aug. 2, 1990 - Feb. 28, 1991
*Began after President Saddam Hussein of Iraq ordered invasion and occupation of Kuwait in Aug. 1990
*Operation Desert Storm Jan. 17, 1991
*Operation Desert Sabre Feb. 24, 1991
*Feb. 28, 1991 President George H.W. Bush declared cease fire and the war was over.

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*Targets - Twin Towers, Pentagon, and most likely the Capitol or the White House
*4 flights were overtaken ( 2 hitting the Twin Towers, one impacted the Pentagon and one crashed in a field in Pennsylvania
*After math - United States more causeous implementing more security measures. Many memorials have been erected to honor those who died. The country had to rebuild and band together.

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*2003 - 2011
*March 2003 U.S. forces invaded Iraq vowing to destroy Iraqi weapons of mass destruction and end the dictatorship of Saddam Hussein
*Dec. 15, 2011 the U.S declared an end to war.
*Wasn't until Dec. 31, 2021 all U.S. troops came back from Iraq