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Bài nhóm 3 ( Linh , Phong Anh , Quỳnh Như , Hà Thư , Thịnh ) 

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Bài nhóm 3 ( Linh , Phong Anh , Quỳnh Như , Hà Thư , Thịnh ) 

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The Formal Negotiation Stage : ( slide 11 -12 )

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Ensure a Diversity of Information and Perspectives 

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Ensure a Diversity of Information and Perspectives 

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Ensure Consideration of All the Available Information

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Ensure Consideration of All the Available Information

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The nature of information varies depending on the task

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The nature of information varies depending on the task

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Cross-functional teams, Lovelace, Shapiro and Weingart (2001)

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Cross-functional teams, Lovelace, Shapiro and Weingart (2001)

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One way to ensure that the parties discuss all available information is to monitor discussion norms

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One way to ensure that the parties discuss all available information is to monitor discussion norms

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- Clear leadership is essential for multi-party negotiations to proceed smoothly.

- A neutral chair has little stake in the specific outcome but has a strong interest in ensuring that the team strives to achieve the best possible results.

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Ancona and Caldwell (1988) suggest four group-member roles for information management during negotiations: scouts, ambassadors, coordinators, and guards.

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Ancona and Caldwell (1988) suggest four group-member roles for information management during negotiations: scouts, ambassadors, coordinators, and guards.

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In most cases, this failure is probably due to a lack of understanding about how much deliberations can be improved by following

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In most cases, this failure is probably due to a lack of understanding about how much deliberations can be improved by following

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Research on group norms has shown that there are several that can undermine an effective discussion:

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Scouts patrol the environment and bring in external information, while ambassadors help acquire resources and provide limited information about the group's activities to constituencies.

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Scouts patrol the environment and bring in external information, while ambassadors help acquire resources and provide limited information about the group's activities to constituencies.

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Coordinators provide a formal link between the group members and the constituencies they represent, while guards keep information inside the group to prevent leaks or premature disclosures.

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Coordinators provide a formal link between the group members and the constituencies they represent, while guards keep information inside the group to prevent leaks or premature disclosures.

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Unwillingness to tolerate conflicting points of view and perspectives

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Side conversations

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No means for defusing an emotionally charged discussion

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Coming to a meeting unprepared

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- If there is a chair, one can ensure that everyone gets input; that different constituencies and stakeholders have the opportunity to provide input.

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- If there is a chair, one can ensure that everyone gets input; that different constituencies and stakeholders have the opportunity to provide input.

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-An important way to control the flow and direction of negotiations is through an agenda

-The agenda adds a high level of structure, organization and coordination to the discussion

-give low-power or disadvantaged groups an opportunity to raise their issues to be heard and resolved

-the disadvantage is that it can artificially divide related issues; As a result, issues can be discussed separately rather than combined or traded off to exploit synergistic potential.

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Brainstorming is a creative problem-solving technique that encourages participants to define a problem and generate a multitude of potential solutions without criticism. It is a free-thinking process designed to stimulate innovative ideas.

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Several strategies may be used to manage each of these four potentially discussion norms

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Several strategies may be used to manage each of these four potentially discussion norms

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The parties must generate and exchange ideas in a manner that permits full exploration and allows everyone to have some input, yet avoids some of the destructive conflict and emotions that can occur

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The primary function of brainstorming is to foster creativity and idea generation. It provides a platform for exploring various solutions without judgment, promoting a free exchange of ideas.

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A moderator structures an initial questionnaire and sends

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A moderator structures an initial questionnaire and sends

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During brainstorming, participants engage in activities like problem definition, idea generation, and open discussion. They follow specific rules to create a collaborative and non-judgmental environment.

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that the parties have little face-to-face interaction, do not get bogged down in personal hostility or inefficient communications, and can go through several iterations

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Brainstorming does not require a strict structure. It thrives in an open, free-wheeling atmosphere where participants contribute ideas without constraints.

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a business meeting where a team comes together to generate marketing strategies without evaluating ideas at the initial stage.

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that the real priorities and preferences of individual parties may not be expressed, and the way the problem is defined and shaped early in the process can greatly determine the outcome

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The Nominal Group Technique is a structured method that typically follows brainstorming. It involves the ranking, rating, and evaluation of alternative solutions, allowing participants to collectively decide on the most effective ones.

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The primary function of the Nominal Group Technique is to facilitate the evaluation and selection of solutions generated during brainstorming. It helps in reaching a consensus on the most promising ideas.

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In this technique, activities involve individual ranking and rating of potential solutions, followed by collective evaluation and voting to determine the most effective options.

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This technique introduces a structured approach for evaluating ideas. It includes steps for individual rating, collective assessment, and voting.

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In a research team, the Nominal Group Technique can be employed to decide on the best research approach after brainstorming various methods.