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- Employees must express interest in forming a union.
- Professional organizers from national unions generate interest through speeches, distributing literature, and online communication.

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- Employees sign authorization cards to indicate their desire for a union.
- A minimum of 30% of potential bargaining unit employees must sign these cards.

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- The bargaining unit, comprising eligible voting employees, must be determined.

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- The election is overseen by a representative from the National Labor Relations Board (NLRB) or the American Arbitration Association.
- It is conducted through secret ballot voting.

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- The newly certified union enrolls members officially and elects officers.
- It prepares for initial contract negotiations.

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- If dissatisfaction or evidence of inadequate representation arises, the NLRB may arrange a decertification election.
- Results determine the union's certification status.

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 Definitions and the Union Formation Process

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 Definitions and the Union Formation Process

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- A union is an organization that represents workers to negotiate working conditions and protect their rights.

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a process of negotiating a labor contract between management and union

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Purpose: to reach a satisfactory agreement on issues such as wages, work hours, benefits, etc.

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A. Management's Preference Against Unionization

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A. Management's Preference Against Unionization

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- Unions restrict management's flexibility in various areas.

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- Management employs tactics to convince employees to vote against unionization.
- Caution against "unfair labor practices" during these campaigns.
- Examples include making promises of raises or benefits if the union is defeated.

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Process: involves proposals and counterproposals, and requires ratification by union members

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C. Best Practices for Avoiding Unionization

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C. Best Practices for Avoiding Unionization

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- Consistent good employee relations are crucial.
- Fair treatment with clear standards in pay, promotion, layoffs, and discipline.
- Establishment of a complaint or appeal system for those feeling unfairly treated.
- Avoidance of favoritism to make employees believe a union is unnecessary.

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Outcomes: may result in a strike or continued negotiation if not approved

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Examples: UAW strike against GM in 2019; Disney furloughs during COVID-19 pandemic

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Purpose: to correct the problem when employees feel mistreated under the contract

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Process: involves several steps of discussion, appeal, and arbitration

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Outcome: the arbitrator’s decision is final and must be obeyed by both parties

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Benefit: prevents the need to strike during the contract term

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First step: the employee talks to her immediate superior

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Next steps: the employee appeals to higher levels with union help

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Final step: the employee submits the grievance to binding arbitration by a labor law expert