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A solution is a homogenous mixture of a solid and a solvent, that is, the solute and solvent are mixed evenly in every part of the solution. Solvent is the substance that dissolves another substance, it forms the bulk of a solution. Solute is the substance that is getting dissolved by another substance.

In a salt solution shown above:

Salt and water particles are evenly mixed

Water is the solvent because it forms the bulk of the solution

Salt is a solute because there is a lower amount of it, and it is getting dissolved

A solution can be one of the following:

Solid-solid, where two different solid substances mix, such as iron powder, with sulfur

Solid-liquid, where a liquid, like water, mixes with a solid, like salt, to form salt solution.

Liquid-liquid, where two different liquid substances mix, such as alcoholic solution.

Gas-gas, essentially air

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Salt solution, which is a solid-liquid mixture

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The characteristics of a solution from a mixture of solid-liquid:

No residue on the filter paper after solution

Clear and transparent which allows light to pass through

No substance sinks to the bottom of the beaker after left stranding for a while

Types of solutions include:

Dilute, which contains a small amount of solute dissolved in a given amount of solvent

Concentrated, which contains a large amount of solute dissolved in a given amount of solvent.

Saturated, which contains the maximum amount of solute that can dissolve in a given amount of solvent. Additional solute will not be able to dissolve any more, unless the temperature of the solvent is increase, or more solvent is added.

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Solubility of a substance is the maximum amount of solute that can dissolve in 100g of water at a fixed temperature. The solubility depends on the following factors, such as:

The type of solvent

The type of solute

The temperature

Solubility curves:

A solubility curve is a graph that shows the maximum amount of a substance that can dissolve in 100g water to form a saturated solution at certain temperatures. This type of graph is obtained by finding out the mass of solute needed to make a saturated solvent in 100g water for an example.

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The rate of dissolving is how fast a solute can dissolve in a fixed amount of solvent. The factors that affect this are:

Stirring effect, as when the mixture is stirred, dissolved solute particles are moved away to allow the solvent particles to come into contact with the undissolved parts.

Temperature, as when the temperature increases, the speeds of the solute and solvent particles increase, so they come into contact with each other faster.

Particle size of solute, when the size of the solute is smaller, it has a larger surface area for more solvent particles too come into contact with it.

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A suspension is a heterogeneous mixture of a solid-liquid. The solute does not dissolve in the solvent. Examples are chalk powder mixed with water or sand placed in water. The characteristics of a suspension from a mixture of a suspension from a mixture of solid-liquid are:

There are particles settling at the bottom of the liquid after being left standing for a while.

It scatters light as it does not allow light to pass through it. This is because the solute particles are large enough to scatter light and block it.

It appears cloudy because there are particles suspending in the solvent.