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What: Lutheranism was a movement created my Martin Luther under Protestantism

Where: Germany/ holy roman empire

When: 1517- 1546

Why: Because the catholic church was corrupt

Who: Martin Luther

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What: Ulrich Zwingli was a leader of the Reformation in Switzerland, born during a time of emerging Swiss patriotism and increasing criticism of the Swiss mercenary system
Where: Swizerland
When: 1484 - 1531
Why: Zwingli opposed the power, practices, and doctrines of the Roman Catholic Church and argued for his beliefs
Who: Ulrich zwingli

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What: A similar movement to Lutheranism, an sect of Protestantism
Where: Swizerland
When: Late 1520s to early 1530s
Why: Because Catholic church is corrupt
Who: John Calvin

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What: A Christian movement of those who were very nonconforming to the main religious faiths at the time, and believed in following earlier Christianity.
Where: Switzerland
When: 1520s
Why: They were inspired by Zwingli, who was a pioneer of Calvinism
Who: Christians who believed in the Baptistism of those who could make that decision, and started practicing their faith after Martin Luther's reformation.

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Presbyterianism
What: A movement started during the reformation, in which the church was headed by a council of elders, rather than by one priest.
Where: Scotland
When: 16th century (During the reformation)
Why: Because of John Calvin's teachings and the reformation.
Who: John Knox
Puritanism
What: a group of English Protestants of the late 16th and 17th centuries who regarded the Reformation of the Church under Elizabeth I as incomplete and sought to simplify and regulate forms of worship.
Where: England
When: 16th and 17th centuries
Why: Because they didn't agree with Elizabeth on church reformation (They were the ones who moved to America)
Who: English Presbyterians

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What:  a widespread popular revolt in some German-speaking areas in Central Europe
Where: Germany
When: 1524 - 1525
Why: Because they were angry about taxes, read Martin Luther's writings, got mad, and started a war.
Who: Some German Peasants

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Reformation of the English Church/Henry VIII

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Reformation of the English Church/Henry VIII

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What: After leaving the church, King Henry VIII created his own church, appointing himself head
Where: England
When: 1534
Why: He got mad at the catholic church because they wouldn't let him divorce Catherine of Aragon.
Who: King Henry VIII

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the holy roman emperor Charles V was catholic and was trying to reestablish cathlic dominance in germany so he used lots of military guys against german princes(who were prodastant) but it ended up fsiling :(. so sad. He was also fighting frace at the time but mostly the cathlic princes thought that charles would smother them as well if he got germany back so they didn't nessacarily want them to succeed. they made a compromise called the peace of augsberg. this was the first time prodisant faith was legally acknowledged. The compromise was where luthereran princes ruled that would be the dominat religion and where cathlic princes ruled catholisism would be the dominat religion. it did though set the frame work for the idea that reigious diversity was untolerable in soveran states. also calvinism was excluded from everything so calvinists were very mad.

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Reformation of the English Church/Elizabethan Compromise

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Reformation of the English Church/Elizabethan Compromise

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What: The Elizabethan Religious Settlement is the name given to the religious and political arrangements made for England during the reign of Elizabeth I. The settlement marked the end of the English Reformation. It permanently shaped the Church of England's doctrine and liturgy, laying the foundation for the unique identity of Anglicanism.
Where: England
When: 1559 - 1563
Why: Because Elizabeth needed to fix the divide between the Protestants and the Catholics created by her predecessors.
Who: Queen Elizabeth

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Biblical studies professor Martin Luther finds out that another religious leader has supposedly told followers that buying an indulgence, or making payments to the Roman Catholic Church, was a way to obtain forgiveness of a person's sins. Luther writes the Ninety-five Theses. This document criticizes the selling of indulgences. Protestants consider publication of the theses to be the beginning of the Reformation.

The pope excommunicates Luther. In other words the pope throws Luther out of the church. Luther begins to translate the Bible into German. Before this the commonly used Bible was in Latin. Priests understand Latin, but most other people do not.

The Reformation spreads to Switzerland. Former priest Huldrych Zwingli is its leader there. Zwingli opposes religious fasting and believes priests should be allowed to marry. He and Luther agree on some but not all theological matters.

Luther publicly disagrees with other religious reformers on issues of theology. The reform movement splinters. Reformers called Anabaptists emerge. They believe in pacifism, adult baptism, and separation of church and state. Quakers, Baptists, Mennonites, and Hutterites all have their origins in the Anabaptist movement.

Laurentius Petri becomes a Protestant archbishop in Sweden. He is one of the leaders of the Reformation in that country. Eventually, most of Sweden converts to Lutheranism.

England's King Henry VIII breaks with the pope. Henry establishes the Anglican church with himself at its head.

In Switzerland French lawyer John Calvin publishes Institutes of the Christian Religion. It becomes one of the most important documents of the Reformation.

Petri and others publish the first Swedish translation of the Bible.

The pope organizes the Council of Trent. This group passes reforms of the Roman Catholic Church. The council is part of the Counter-Reformation, an attempt to improve and renew the church. As a result priests receive more education and better training. Eventually, most of France and Poland and parts of Germany change from Protestant back to Roman Catholic.

John Knox establishes the Protestant religion in Scotland.

Italian reformer Faustus Socinus moves to Poland and establishes what will become the Unitarian movement.

The Thirty Years' War begins, partly for religious reasons. Much of Europe becomes involved in the struggle between Roman Catholic, Calvinist, and Lutheran powers. The war eventually costs about eight million lives and redraws the map of Europe.

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Timeline of significant events related to the Reformation, also called the Protestant Reformation. This movement at first sought to change, or reform, the Roman Catholic Church. Instead it led to the establishment of Protestantism, one of the three major branches of Christianity.

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Reformation of Catholic Church/Council of Trent

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Reformation of Catholic Church/Council of Trent

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What: The Council of Trent was the 19th ecumenical council of the Catholic Church. Prompted by the Protestant Reformation at the time, it has been described as the embodiment of the Counter-Reformation.
Where: Italy
When: 1525 - 1563
Why: Because of the Reformation, prompting the counter reformation
Who: The catholic church

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Counter Reformation/Council of Trent & the Jesuits

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Counter Reformation/Council of Trent & the Jesuits

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What: The Society of Jesus, also known as the Jesuit Order or the Jesuits, is a religious order of clerics regular of pontifical right for men in the Catholic Church headquartered in Rome. It was founded in 1540 by Ignatius of Loyola and six companions, with the approval of Pope Paul III.
Where: Created in France and headquartered in Rome.
When: 1540.
Why: Ignatius of Loyola founded the Jesuit order, or Society of Jesus, in 1539 as an organization of zealous Catholics dedicated to proselytizing the word of the Church with absolute loyalty to the Pope. They were able to push the counter reformation, and the consequential propaganda.
Who: Ignatius of Loyola, along with other founders.

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the french wars of religion (also edict of nantes) were 8 conflicts in france from 1562-1598. It ended with King Henry iv converting from prodastantism to catholisim as a part o the edict od nantes. He signed in religious protections and rights for the hugonaughts (French calvinists - the sect of prodastaism most prevelent in france)but france was offically made a cathic country. The next couple kings though did not follow through with thes protections and greatly persicuted large groups of calvinists, many of them fleeing to nearby countries.

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as a result of the frecnh wars of religion french calvinists started to stream into the netherlands (today's holland and begium) and they brought their religion wioth them. Soon the numbers of prodastants in the netherlands became to much for the devout catholic king, Phillip ii. tensions grew and to make things worse groups of radical prodasnts who took ransacking and smashing catholic churches. phillip used the power of the spanish military to dampen the revolts, a mission that ended with thousands of executions. after this despite many trys by the spanish crown, the northern dutch republic fought for and won independece beoming and indepedent prodisant state seprate for the cathlic south, still under the rule of spain.

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England and the defeat of the spanish armada -

the spanish amarada was a long time coming given the bad blood betwwen england and spain (catherine of aragon drama) and that englan was a newly prodastant country. At the time the spanish navy was essteemed and feared across europe. unfortunaly on their way the spanish hit a series of storms giving england not only time to prepare for the the incoming threat but giving them a beat down apponant. england reigned victourios in the end after not a season of fighting. this war also strenghtned england's image of queen elizabeth with her famous speech and display that se was with the soldiers through and through.

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The Thirty Years War was a war fought, from 1618- 1648, for reasons that were both territorial, religious, dynastic, and economic. It was fought in several places between several groups, mostly against the Catholics in power and the Protestant nobles. Here is a condensed timeline of events

1618 - Future HRE Ferdinand II, currently king of Bohemia, tries to impose Catholic absolutism. Because of this, nobles in both Bohemia and Austria rose up in rebellion. Ferdinand won after a five year struggle.

1625 - King Christian IV of Denmark saw an opportunity to gain valuable territory in Germany to balance his earlier loss of Baltic provinces to Sweden. Christian’s defeat finished Denmark as a European power, but Sweden’s Gustav II Adolf, having ended a four-year war with Poland, invaded Germany and won many German princes to his anti-Roman Catholic, anti-imperial cause.

Late 1620s - Poland, having been drawn in as a Baltic power, pushed its own ambitions by attacking Russia and establishing a dictatorship in Moscow. The Russo-Polish Peace of Polyanov in 1634 ended Poland’s claim to the tsarist throne but freed Poland to resume hostilities against its Baltic archenemy, Sweden, which was now deeply embroiled in Germany.

Mid 1630s - Three forces were vying for power in central Europe during this time: Holy Roman Catholics, Lutherans, and Calvinists. Overall, the struggle was between the HRE, which was Roman Catholic and Habsburg, and a network of Protestant towns and principalities that relied on the chief anti-Catholic powers of Sweden and the Netherlands, which had at last thrown off Spain after a struggle lasting 80 years.

1648 - When the contending powers finally met in the German province of Westphalia to end the bloodshed, the power dynamic in Europe had been radically changed. Spain had lost not only the Netherlands but its dominant position in western Europe. France was now the chief Western power. Sweden had control of the Baltic. The Netherlands was recognized as an independent republic. The member states of the Holy Roman Empire were granted full independence. The ancient notion of a Roman Catholic empire of Europe, headed spiritually by a pope and temporally by an emperor, was permanently abandoned, and the essential structure of modern Europe as a community of sovereign states was established.

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1522-1555

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The French Wars of Religion [Edict of Nantes]

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The French Wars of Religion [Edict of Nantes]

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1562-1598

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1566/1568–1648

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England and the Defeat of the Spanish Armada

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England and the Defeat of the Spanish Armada

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1588

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1618 - 1648

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1642 - 1651

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1517

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1521

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1522

Zwingli

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1525

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1531

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King Henry VIII leaves the catholic church

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King Henry VIII leaves the catholic church

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1534

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John Calvin publishes Institutes of the Christian

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John Calvin publishes Institutes of the Christian

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1536

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Petri publishes the first translation of the bible (Swedish) 

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Petri publishes the first translation of the bible (Swedish) 

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1541

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1545

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John Knox establishes the Protestant religion in Scotland.

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John Knox establishes the Protestant religion in Scotland.

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1547

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Queen Elizabeth is crowned, causing the end to Mary's Catholicism 

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Queen Elizabeth is crowned, causing the end to Mary's Catholicism 

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1559

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Scottish Parliament abolishes Catholicism in Scotland. 

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Scottish Parliament abolishes Catholicism in Scotland. 

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1560

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Faustus Socinus establishes the Unitarian movement.

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Faustus Socinus establishes the Unitarian movement.

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1579

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The King James Bible is published for the first time 

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The King James Bible is published for the first time 

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1611

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1618

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Write a 1-3 page essay that

1. That explains the causes of the Reformation and uses terms from your study guide.

2. Includes a summary of how Protestantism affected the religious and political landscape of Europe in the 16th Century – at least one developed paragraph that is clearly marked in your essay.

Turned in on canvas with your religious wars essay

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Write a summary of the Wars of Religion 15(46 is the beginning of the Schmalkaldic War) to 1648. Discuss the causes of the wars, their course, and their resolution. This uses the following formula as a tool for comparison: begin with religious conflict, become a balance of power struggle, end with a compromise that tolerates religious difference

Your summary should explain several ways in which the conclusion of the Wars of Religion at Westphalia marks an inflection point in European History

Turned in on canvas with your Reformation essay

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The English civil war was fought between supporters of the crown (Charles I), and Parliament and haters of the throne (Parliamentarians in England, Convenanters in Scotland, and Confederates in Ireland).

Compared with the Thirty Years War, the Britain under Charles I enjoyed relative peace and economic prosperity during the 1630s. However, by the later 1630s, Charles’s regime had become unpopular across a broad front throughout his kingdoms. During the period of his so-called Personal Rule, known by his enemies as the “Eleven-Year Tyranny” because he had dissolved Parliament and ruled by decree, Charles had resorted to dubious fiscal expedients.

The war started in 1642, when Charles raised an army to oppose a revolt in Ireland against Parliament's wishes. But the period of conflict actually began earlier in Scotland, with the Bishops' war of 1639–40, and in Ireland, with the Ulster rebellion of 1641. While the wars ravaged in England, it also affected the territories that the Stuarts held overseas. The war ended in 1646 with Charles losing, and Parliament getting reinstated. However, there were two more civil wars from 1648 to 1651, this time ending in Charles getting his head cut off, and Cromwell becoming leader. However, he didn't last very long and Charles II became king.