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Baba Nyonya, also known as Peranakan, refers to a group that is very unique and rich of culture. This community is significantly presence in Southeast Asia, especially in Malaysia. The term "Baba" refers to the male members of the community, while "Nyonya" is used for the female members. The Peranakan culture is a fusion of Chinese, Malay, and also some Indonesian influences, resulting in a distinct and vibrant heritage.

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The Bajau community represents the second-largest indigenous group in Sabah. Their cultural presence significantly enriches the diverse tapestry of Sabah's heritage. Bajau people are renowned for their vibrant and bold use of colors in their traditional clothing and craftsmanship. Within the Bajau group, there are approximately 13 sub-ethnic communities, including the Ubian, Sama, Simunul, Tolen, Pala’u, and Sikubung, which are typically named based on their places of origin or current regions.

Since we will be talking about Sepak Manggis, so Sepak Manggis is specifically from Bajau Sama.

Bajau Sama

Bajau Sama (or Bajau Samah) mainly resides in West coast of Sabah (Malaysia), especially Kota Belud and Tuaran districts. They are also known as the Cowboys of the East because of their excellent horsemanship.

Sabah Bajau Sama Cultural Centre is build to preserve their cultural heritages, the building of RM7.5-million Sabah Bajau Sama Cultural Centre (Local Name: Pusat Kebudayaan Persatuan Rumpun Bajau Sama Sabah) was completed in 2022 and open to visitors who want to see the vibrant cultures of Bajau Sama, who is widely recognised as the colourful, festive, and musical people.

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Sepak Manggis is a renowned traditional game in the northern regions of Sabah, particularly popular among the Bajau community living in Tuaran, Kota Belud, and Kota Marudu. This sport has evolved into a cultural emblem of the Bajau people, as it is an integral part of social gatherings, including weddings and the welcoming of dignitaries.

This game, known as "Sepak Manggis," shares close ties with "Sepak Takraw" or "Sepak Raga," popular among the Malay community. The origin of the name "Sepak Manggis" has been somewhat unclear. One interpretation suggests that the term "Sepak" is derived from the Malay word referring to the "Sepak Raga" game. The term "Manggis," on the other hand, is a metaphor for a basket suspended high, resembling a mangosteen fruit. The sweet, white flesh of the mangosteen is symbolically represented as the contents of the basket suspended above, and it signifies the joy, excitement, and genuine hospitality offered to anyone who successfully hits the basket in the game.

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Pa Kabar Kitak? (How are you?) My name is Aisy Asyraf. This padlet contains information about the traditional games of 5 Malaysian ethnicities. Happy reading!

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This portfolio will focus about some unique traditional games that we might overlooked and still lack of exposure. Get ready to be in awe at the uniqueness of our nation!

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1. Baba Nyonya / Peranakan (Cherki Card)

2. Melanau (Tibow)

3. Bajau (Sepak Manggis)

4. Iban (Nyabong Manok)

5. Bidayuh (Mintubow)

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Cherki is a popular card game that originally from Malacca and played by the Nyonyas back in the old days.

Cherki card is easy to be played if one is familiar with the many Hokkien and Baba Malay terms that frequently used in the game. For Peranakans who are not fluent in Hokkien or Baba Malay, it will be quite difficult for them to play the game well.

The Nyonyas would gather around the cherki table to spill the teas, gossip, chew Sireh, or chit chat while playing the game.

Many Nyonyas became addicted with this game that they tend to pawned or sold their jewellery just to try their luck im this game. How sick is that right?

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Sepak Manggis usually played during wedding ceremony. It is usually participated by groom's contacts or friends.

1. There will be a really tall bamboo that planted into ground.

2. A prize will be tied on top of the bamboo. The prize look like a hamper but fancier. The prize contains foods. This prize is the one that so-called "Manggis".

3. The participants will gather around the bamboo. The participants can be up to 10-20 people.

4. After that, the participants will take turn to kick the Takraw ball and try to hit the prize.

5. Whoever manage to take down the prize from the bamboo, will get the prize.

The guests usually will watch the game and cheer for the participants. This game elevate the mood of the wedding attendees. So this game will the ceremony become more interesting and very unique.

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The Melanau are recognized as one of the earliest inhabitants of Sarawak, but the name "Melanau" wasn't originally used by the community to refer to themselves. Instead, they referred to themselves as "a-likou," which translates to 'people of the river.' According to legend, the name "Melanau" was bestowed upon them by one of the Sultans of Brunei, particularly those who resided in the coastal swamp flats and riverbanks of central Sarawak.

Geographically, the Melanau people inhabit a low-lying swampy plain that is covered by dense tropical forest along the coast of Sarawak. Their settlements are primarily concentrated in and around towns such as Mukah, Matu, Daro, Dalat, Bintulu, Kanowit, and Sibu.

Linguistically, the Melanau language encompasses a range of dialects. However, the Mukah area dialect is commonly used by most Melanau people to communicate with individuals from other dialects.

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Traditional games of the Tibow variety are highly favored among the Melanau community. Referred to as 'Tibow,' this game holds significant cultural value, serving as a symbol of unity and joy while also commemorating the arrival of summer fruits. Furthermore, Tibow doubles as a social occasion for young individuals to potentially find a romantic partner.

Tibow matches are typically conducted in open areas or at the outskirts of villages. It is essential that the playing surface is soft and not excessively rocky to prevent players from sustaining serious injuries. In some places, sand is spread on the playing area to ensure safety.

These games are commonly organized during the fruit-bearing season, usually in the early part of the year. Tibow games commence in the afternoon and can extend well into the night. In the past, these games often took place during full moon nights, as the well-lit surroundings not only enhanced the atmosphere but also contributed to player safety.

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Usually the height of Tibow is between 8 to 10 meters and is built in an inclined state on flat ground. Tibow is built into 2 parts, namely the first part has para or pemidang which looks like steps and for the second part also consists of 2 pyramid-shaped poles.

1. In this section there will be a string of rattan and this rattan will be swung from left to right like a giant cradle. This swinging rattan will later be jumped by a player and then will be jumped next by the 3rd, 4th, 5th player until this tibow can no longer swing. It sounds quite easy but actually only brave men will be able to try this game because the height and class are all difficult to describe.

Resulting to:

Because of that, the construction of a tibow requires a high level of detail including in choosing the site to build it because it must be firmly established on a soft soil area and not have gravel stones. This is because the safety level of the player is also taken into consideration because in case of a slip of the step it will fall on the earth and there is no mat or net that becomes a safety base instead only the surface of the ground. And that's presumably why Tibow is often set up on a wide, flat beachfront.

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There can be two to six players participating at once.

1. A randomly selected dealer requests the player on his right to cut the pack after it has been shuffled. After that, he deals two cards in a clockwise manner to each participant, repeating the process four times for a total of eight cards. (Players are not allowed to look at the cards until the deal has been completed. The undealt cards are placed in a pile, face down, in the middle of the table.)

2. The aim of the game is to form three sets of three cards of the same value: For example, three 5s, three 9s and three 1s. In forming sets, suits are given no consideration, so a 7 of Coins and two 7 of Myriads, would make a set of 7s. It is easy to form these sets by matching the cards frames, because all three should have the same frame pattern. Honour cards only form sets of the same kind such as three White Flowers, three Red Flowers, three Old Thousands.

3. Each set is worth the sum of the cards it is made of, so a set of 7s would be worth 7+7+7 = 21 points. Honour cards are only worth 1 (each set scores 3 points), so the most cherished combinations are the ones made of three 9s (worth 27 points).

4. The fundamental rule underlying the creation of sets is that during their turn, each player has the option to either draw a card from the face-down stack or select the most recently discarded card from a previous player. If they opt for the former, they can either retain the newly drawn card, replacing one of the cards they currently have, or immediately discard it. Consequently, by the conclusion of their turn, each player consistently holds eight cards.

5. When holding eight cards in hand, it's only possible to assemble two complete sets and one pair. When a player successfully accomplishes this arrangement, they declare "cherki." This declaration involves placing their pair of cards face down in front of them.

The "cherki" call serves as a signal to inform other players that they are waiting for the final card to win. At this point, their sole objective becomes obtaining the third card that matches their pair, and they are no longer permitted to make any further changes to their two complete sets. During their turns, they can try to obtain the missing card by either drawing from the stack or selecting a discarded card from another player.

6. The first player to complete three sets is the winner. When a player who has called "cherki" obtains the last card he is looking for, he turns all his cards face up, showing the three sets. He is the winner of the hand, and the only player to score points.

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The Iban people are the second largest ethnic group native to Malaysia, predominantly residing in Borneo, especially in the state of Sarawak. Sarawak is the largest state within Malaysia, and the Iban community accounts for approximately 30% of its population.The word "Iban" carries several meanings, but it is most commonly understood to signify "wanderer." In historical contexts, the Iban were often identified as a tribe known for headhunting and piracy, which contributed to their reputation as a fierce and aggressive group of people.

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The Iban people hold a belief that the fighting cocks used by supernatural beings, such as Petara and Bunsu Antu, in cockfighting contests are transformed into human warriors. This connection between cockfighting and human qualities reflects the spiritual and religious aspects of the Iban culture. Cockfighting symbolizes a man's valor during battles and warfare. As these human warriors are believed to be the incarnations of fighting cocks, they exhibit various colorations (bulu manok) that are thought to mirror the unique personality of each warrior.

This traditional knowledge enables the Iban to recognize the qualities and profiles of each warrior and understand the natural elements that influence them. Such knowledge is passed down to Iban children to cultivate and nurture the warrior spirit, which proves valuable in their future endeavors and contributes to the preservation of their community.

In the past, the cock-fighting session is the time they exchange views and contemplate various meaningful undertakings with each other. Through their conversation at the cock-fighting arena, a majority of them receive ideas on how to improve their methods of farming, gardening, trading and carrying out activities to raise their community standard of living.

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Nowadays, cockfighting events are occasionally arranged to coincide with significant festivals, such as the annual Gawai Dayak festival and the concluding death rites (Ngetas Ulit) that mark the conclusion of the mourning period.

1. For a cock to engage in a fight, it requires a specific weapon known as "taji" among the Ibans. The taji is a sharp steel blade designed to be affixed to the left leg of the cock using a special string. There are two main types of taji: the "sulat" and the "tungking." Tying the taji onto the cock's leg requires a unique skill that can be acquired through experience and learning.

2. Then, both cocks will fight each other. In order to win, a cock would kick its opponent at its most fatal part (right under the tip of the “tail”, the end of the stump of “taji” and a certain spot at the back of the knee of a cock) ought to be at a right angle. If a cock kick at the right spot, the other cock will hurt or die. Then we can decide who is the winner.

Today cock fighting is evidently a form of gambling. Modern critics observe it as one of the social evils.

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2.9K Likes, 45 Comments. TikTok video from maxwel franklin saran (@maxwelfranklinsaran): "Taji bulang @ASSAPAI #tiktokmaxwelfranklinsaran". original sound - maxwel franklin saran.

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Bidayuh is one of the largest indigenous ethnic group in Sarawak. The Bidayuh people are also knowns as the Land Dayak. Even the name Bidayuh itself means 'people of the land'. The Bidayuh people of Sarawak are said to have originated in Western Borneo. 'Bratak Hill' is the name of a well-known site that is believed to be the ancestral home of the Jagoi-Bratak sub-group of the Bidayuh of Sarawak. The Bidayuh people of Sarawak now primarily reside in the areas of Kuching, Serian, Lundu, Bau, Penrissen, Padawan, and Siburan. The Bidayuh traditionally resided in longhouses furnished with a Baruk, a traditional roundhouse used for social events and celebrations.

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The Malay and Bidayuh communities in Sarawak play a traditional game called mintubow, also known as top spinning. This game is typically played between villages following the paddy harvesting season. The length of time the top can spin determines the winner.

Primarily, the top is composed of hard wood species, while the rope on top is made from the hard wood type of the 'bebaru' tree. But these days, nylon rope is also used for the top rope. Typically, the rope's length is determined by the length of a player's hand, or roughly one meter. To make the rope move more smoothly, apply coconut oil.

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Despite this game looks really easy, it actually requires a skill to throw the top.

1. Participants will throw their own Mintubow. They need to throw with a technique to make sure the top can spin and last for a long time.

2. To win, we just need to make sure the top spin for a long period of time or spin longer than other tops.

This game is fun as people used many method to make the top keep spinning. Sometimes they make the nail at the bottom of the top become dull to make sure it has a great balance.

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Mintubow atau Main Gasing adalah permainan tradisional masyarakat Melayu dan Bidayuh di Sarawak. Lazimnya permainan ini dimainkan selepas musim menuai padi dan dipertandingkan antara kampung.  #HKHM2023 #TekadPerpaduan #PenuhiHarapan #MalaysiaMADANI 

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@japentv
Mintubow atau Main Gasing adalah permainan tradisional masyarakat Melayu dan Bidayuh di Sarawak. Lazimnya permainan ini dimainkan selepas musim menuai padi dan dipertandingkan antara kampung. #HKHM2023 #TekadPerpaduan #PenuhiHarapan #MalaysiaMADANI
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