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Draktsho Vocational Training Center for Special Children and Youth is a school developed with the intention of making sure individuals with disabilities, gain the skills and talents required to step up in the world without any external assistance. Established in 2001, it not only offers educational and vocational courses, but also provides opportunities for self reliance. With the help of various programs, it fulfills the physical and educational needs of the students as well as ensures the students become integrated members of society and live happy and healthy lives.

About Us. (n.d.). Draktsho Vocational Training Centre for Special Children and Youth | Bhutan. Retrieved October 11, 2023, from https://www.draktsho-bhutan.org/about-us/

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Principal heath issues faced by refugees 

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Principal heath issues faced by refugees 

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Country focus: South Sudan

Australia has welcomed refugees from South Sudan, a nation tarnished by years of conflict and instability who come Australia  to escape violence and economic difficulties. The refugees often face various health challenges stemming from their journey and former experiences. Three health issues faced by refugees listed on the Australian Refugee Health Practice Guide are:

1. Helicobacter Pylori
- A bacterium that causes stomach cancer, gastritis and other digestive issue is called Helicobacter Pylori.
Treatment includes antibiotics such as amoxicillin or clarinthromycin along with acid suppressing medication like proton pump inhibitors (PPIs) - eg: Omeprazole.
It is crucial to inform the refugees on the proper use of medicines and ensure the entire course is completed to avoid antibiotic resistance.

2. Schistosomiasis
- The parasitic disease caused by schistosoma worms transmitted through contaminated water in areas like South Sudan is called schistosomiasis.
Treatment involves praziquantel, a drug to kill the parasite. The dosage depends on the severity of the infection along with patient’s weight.
Preventive measures such a consuming clean water and providing health education is necessary.

3. Immunization
- It is vital for refugees to be immunized as they may arrive with deficient or no vaccine records, which puts them at the risk of catching contagious diseases.
Immunization programs should be implemented upon arrival of refugees especially the ones prioritized by the Australian National Immunization Program. Personalized immunization and overdue vaccinations ensure that refugees are protected from vaccine preventable diseases.

References
1. Mayo Clinic. (2022). Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) infection - Diagnosis and treatment - Mayo Clinic. Mayoclinic.org. https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/h-pylori/diagnosis-treatment/drc-20356177
2. NHS. (2017, October 19). Schistosomiasis (bilharzia). Nhs.uk. https://www.nhs.uk/conditions/schistosomiasis/#:~:text=Schistosomiasis%20can%20usually%20be%20treated
3. Vaccination for migrants, refugees and people seeking asylum in Australia. (n.d.). The Australian Immunisation Handbook. https://immunisationhandbook.health.gov.au/contents/vaccination-for-special-risk-groups/vaccination-for-migrants-refugees-and-people-seeking-asylum-in-australia

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The framework highlights cultural awareness in a healthcare setting. Upon finding employment as a nurse in the future, I will take my customs and beliefs into consideration and how it will affect my interaction with the patients. I will also keep in mind the various backgrounds patients belong to while providing care and services. This will prove useful in my career as I will gain insight on methods to render sincere and responsive care to the patients.
By understanding the cultures and traditions of patients, I can keep aside biases and not forge any discrimination to anyone based on their background. It will also help build a relationship between me and the patients making my job of providing service easier.
All principles listed in the competency standard 12.3 are essential. However, the one that aligns with me is dignity and respect. It highlights the importance of recognizing and upholding the dignity of every person and showing respect towards their customs and beliefs. This ensures in creating a safe and respectful environment for both healthcare providers and patients.

Reference
https://moodleprod.murdoch.edu.au/pluginfile.php/3573073/mod_resource/content/1/Culturally-responsive-clinical-practice-Working-with-people-from-migrant-and-refugee-backgrounds-Jan2019.pdf

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Hip hop star Emmanuel Jal, a former child soldier for the Sudanese People’s Liberation Army in Ethiopia, visiting Sudanese school children in a Fitzroy community centre. David Crosling/AAP

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Social Determinants of Health on Migrants and Refugees

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Social Determinants of Health on Migrants and Refugees

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People from developing and undeveloped countries move to Australia in hopes of finding better opportunities and starting new lives. There are various social determinants listed by the World Health Organization (WHO) that influence their health and wellbeing. Three social determinants that heavily affect migrant/refugees health and well being are:

1. Income and social protection
- Migrants and refugees face problems related to income due to language barriers and unrecognized qualifications, which affects their access to healthcare, shelter and resources. Even with organisations present to assist them, it may be a difficult process to understand and utilize. This eventually leads to their health and wellbeing deteriorating.

2. Unemployment and job insecurity
- Discrimination and communication barriers limit stable employment opportunities for migrants and refugees. Job insecurity aggravates their condition and affects their ability to receive necessary services and resources. Lack of services and resources causes their health and wellbeing to decline.

3. Social inclusion and non-discrimination
- Migrants and refugees may be denied access to vital services and resources due to discrimination leading to issues related to mental health which will worsen their health and wellbeing. Creating a diverse and welcoming society enables the newcomers to develop feelings of acceptance. This helps improve their health and wellbeing in the long run.

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Medicines made from exotic and medicinal herbs found in Bhutan. 

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The ancient traditional medical system is known as 'Sowa Rigpa’ which means 'the knowledge of healing’. This healing system is one of the five core sciences within the Tibetan Buddhism as it seamlessly integrates philosophy, culture and religion. The majority of the Bhutanese population are influenced by Buddhist beliefs thus the concepts of health and spirituality are aligned and jointly uncover underlying causes of illnesses.
The doctors at the traditional medicine hospitals make use of various medicinal herbs as well as methods listed in Buddhist books to help diagnose and treat patients.

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People visiting Gasa Tsachhu for healing purposes. 

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Bhutan has a rich biodiversity which proves to be useful in both physical and mental wellbeing. The landscape and diversity of flora and fauna offer plenty of scope for activities to help rejuvenate and heal. For example hot springs “Tshachhu”found in various locations throughout the country are renowned for having therapeutic properties. In Bhutan, hot spring therapy is considered a serious traditional healing practice for health issues and the locals believe that the minerals present in the water can cure all illness.

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Thanks to my health, I am able to spend time with people I love. 

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Health to me is defined as being fit physically, mentally, and emotionally to perform everyday activities without facing any significant difficulties. Being unhealthy limits a person’s capability while healthy people possess the potential to execute tasks with little to no difficulty. Good health is not just being free of diseases but includes having a clear and positive mindset while eliminating all negative thoughts. Furthermore, good health fosters social connections and ensures in forming a positive and harmonious community. It is essential that one remains healthy to live a happy and fulfilling life.

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A video giving a brief explanation of Bhutanese music by me. 

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Phaksha paa that I made for week 11 class of NUR137. 

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Phaksha Paa is a popular dish in Bhutan which is made and served on every occasion. It is said to symbolize good fortune and wellbeing. In Bhutan, people eat phaksha paa with rice while some adults like to have local brewed alcohol known as Ara with their meal. In the olden days, farmers used to eat this meal after a day of good harvest to relieve worries and to ensure a good night’s rest. Whenever people decide to get together and do a pot luck, Phaksha paa is a mandatory dish to bring.

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Me and my friends wearing our national attire while attending a local festival in Bhutan. 

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Bhutanese men wear a knee-length robe-like garment called a 'Gho.' It is wrapped around their bodies and secured by a belt. The upper part of the Gho creates a pouch-like area that was traditionally used for storing betel nuts. This attire is worn on formal occasions and during gatherings of significant size. While Bhutanese women wear a Kira which is a traditional ankle-length dress, hand-woven with vibrant colors and intricate patterns, often worn on special occasions. It's paired with a short jacket called the Toego. The Kira is wrapped around a long-sleeved blouse known as the Wonju, available in various materials and patterns, allowing women to personalize their attire.