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The response group instructional method is a teaching method that includes small group and whole groups discussion. These typically include compelling questions that challenge students from mixed abilities to answer. This can help students use critical thinking skills. This method has 5 steps. The first step is to organize students into small groups. The second is to provide the students with resources that spark their critical thinking. The third is to ask compelling questions. The fourth is to give each small group a moment to create their responses. The fifth step is to begin or facilitate the whole class discussion

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Direct instruction is a teaching method where the teacher will teach new information to students and then give them time to practice what they have just learned. This is one of the most popular methods to use. There are 6 steps in direct instruction. They are introduction/review, development, guided practice, closure, independent practice, and evaluation.

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Cooperative learning is an instructional method where students are put into small groups to meet a learning goal while the teacher guides. There are 4 principles that cooperative learning is built off of. They are positive interdependence, individual accountability, equal participation, and simultaneous interaction. There are also 5 essential structures to this type of learning. They are rally robin, timed pair share, round robin, rally coach, and stand up, hand up, pair up.

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A C3 Inquiry Design is a design that is made up of inquiry and the C3 framework. The C3 Framework is the framework that has led the nation on top for grades K-12. It is composed of the 3 C's: college, career, and civic life. You have to find the content angle when creating this design which is the subject matter focus that gets students into the topic.

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A carousel feedback loop has 7 longer steps to it. Teams will stand in front of their project, they will rotate to the next project, they review their peer's project and discuss, one student will leave feedback on a sticky note, teacher will have the students rotate again, the team repeats steps 3 and 4, then all groups will review the feedback their project received.

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Artifact kits are composed of artifacts that students can learn from. They represent history through different mediums than a textbook or presentation. Some examples would be archeology dig kits, object boxes, resource kits, economic process kits, etc. They can also be anything in our daily lives we use that would tell someone something about who we are as people.

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Photographs can be used for almost any lesson. This is a very broad subject/ instructional strategy. Photographs can help students visualize a lesson or even make inferences on what a photo can tell us about history.

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Text-based Sources are sources such as newspapers, diary entries, letters, songs, or poems. These sources may not be 100% accurate, but they do tell you something about the past. These can be easy or difficult to understand.

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Trade books are text-focused books that can be about things like historical events. These can be about many different genres. Trade books can oftentimes be directed towards children and can tell false stories set in real life eras.

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Content Area Literacy is the tools students use to understand the content at hand. Some of the strategies used are vocabulary and prediction and inferences.