# data[].attributes.body
Ha long Bay is a stunning natural wonder located in northern Vietnam. It is famous for its emerald waters and thousands of towering limestone islands topped with rainforests. The bay is a UNESCO World Heritage Site and offers breathtaking views, boat cruises, caves, and kayaking adventures. It’s a peaceful and magical place that attracts travelers from all over the world.

UNESCO World Heritage Centre. (n.d.). Ha Long Bay. Retrieved from https://whc.unesco.org/en/list/672/

Lonely Planet. (n.d.). Ha Long Bay travel. Retrieved from https://www.lonelyplanet.com/vietnam/ha-long-bay

# data[].attributes.body
Hoi An is a charming ancient town located on the central coast of Vietnam. Known for its well-preserved architecture, colorful lanterns, and rich cultural heritage, it was once a major trading port. The town's old streets are lined with historic houses, temples, and tailor shops. Hoi An is also famous for its delicious street food, peaceful riverside views, and traditional festivals. It’s a beautiful blend of history and culture.

UNESCO World Heritage Centre. (n.d.). Hoi An Ancient Town. Retrieved from https://whc.unesco.org/en/list/948/

Lonely Planet. (n.d.). Hoi An travel. Retrieved from https://www.lonelyplanet.com/vietnam/central-vietnam/hoi-an

# data[].attributes.body
Ho Chi Minh City is Vietnam’s largest and busiest city. It’s known for its vibrant street life, French colonial architecture, and important historical landmarks like the War Remnants Museum and the Cu Chi Tunnels. The city offers a lively mix of modern skyscrapers and traditional markets.

Ho Chi Minh City:

Vietnam Tourism. (n.d.). Ho Chi Minh City. Retrieved from https://vietnam.travel/places-to-go/southern-vietnam/ho-chi-minh-city

Lonely Planet. (n.d.). Ho Chi Minh City travel. Retrieved from https://www.lonelyplanet.com/vietnam/ho-chi-minh-city

# data[].attributes.body
Vinatex was founded in 1995 , it is one of the largest textile and garment corporations in Vietnam. It operates across the entire textile industry, including yarn production, and garment production. Vinatex plays a key role in making Vietnam one of the world’s leading textile exporters, supplying products to over 60 countries such as the U.S., Japan, and European nations. With more than 100 subsidiaries and affiliates, the group is a major supplier for global fashion brands.

# data[].attributes.body
Vinachem is a leading state-owned company in Vietnam’s chemical industry. It was established in 2009 and operates across various sectors, including fertilizers, industrial chemicals, batteries, tires, and even mining. Vinachem owns a ton of subsidiaries and has an essential role in supplying chemicals for agriculture and construction. The group is also investing in cleaner technologies and safer production processes.

Vinachem.(n.d.). About Vinachem. https://www.vinachem.com.vn/about-us/company-profile-vnc/about_vinachem.html

# data[].attributes.location_name
Vietnam Military History Museum, CT03, Tây Mỗ, Nam Từ Liêm, Hanoi, Vietnam

# data[].attributes.body
1. Võ Nguyên Giáp: A legendary general known for his military strategies during the Vietnam War.

2. Ho Chi Minh: A revolutionary leader and former Prime Minister and President of the Democratic Republic of Vietnam, he played a pivotal role in Vietnam's independence.

3. Son Tung M-TP: A popular singer and songwriter, known for his contributions to Vietnamese pop music.

4. Nguyen Thi Phuong Thao: CEO of Vietjet Air and Vietnam's first self-made female billionaire.

5. Hoang Xuan Vinh: A Vietnamese shooter who made history by winning the first Olympic gold medal for Vietnam at the Rio 2016 Olympic Games.

TheFamousPeople. (n.d.). Famous Vietnamese People. https://www.thefamouspeople.com/vietnam.php

Vanessa R, (June 6, 2022). Top 10 Most Famous Vietnamese People. DiscoverWalks. https://www.discoverwalks.com/blog/vietnam/top-10-most-famous-vietnamese-people/

Vietnam-Express. (n.d.). Vietnam en los Juegos Olímpicos: Historia y Desempeño. https://vietnam-express.es/vietnam-en-los-juegos-olimpicos/?expand_article=1&expand_article=1

# data[].attributes.location_name
Vinacafe Long Thanh, Tam An, Long Thành District, Đồng Nai, Vietnam

# data[].attributes.body
VinaCafe is a well-known Vietnamese coffee brand and manufacturer. It was established in 1968 and became famous for its instant coffee products. VinaCafe is part of the Masan Group and exports to many countries worldwide. The company combines traditional Vietnamese coffee with modern production techniques, and it is a key player in Vietnam’s coffee industry.

VIETNAM NATIONAL COFFEE CORPORATION (VINACAFE). (n.d.). About us. https://vinacafe.com.vn/en/vinacafe-company/about-us

# data[].attributes.location_name
Bảo tàng Lịch sử Thành phố Hồ Chí Minh, Đường Nguyễn Bỉnh Khiêm, Bến Nghé, District 1, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam

# data[].attributes.body
939 AD: Vietnam gains independence from China after over a thousand years of domination.

1802 AD: The Nguyễn Dynasty establishes its empire.

1887 AD: Vietnam becomes a colony within the French Indochina territories.

1945 AD: Ho Chi Minh proclaims Vietnam's independence after World War II.

1954 AD: Vietnam is divided into North and South following the First Indochina War.

1955–1975 AD: The Vietnam War erupts between Communist North Vietnam and U.S.-backed South Vietnam.

1975 AD: North Vietnam emerges victorious, leading to reunification.

1995 AD: Vietnam joins the Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN).

References:

Martos, J.(February 27, 2025). Esta es la historia de Vietnam antes de la II Guerra Mundial: un terreno pantanoso para las potencias extranjeras. MuyInteresante. https://www.muyinteresante.com/historia/esta-es-la-historia-de-vietnam-antes-de-la-ii-guerra-mundial-un-terreno-pantanoso-para-las-potencias-extranjeras.html

Redacción National Geographic. (September 5, 2023). Qué fue la Guerra de Vietnam y por qué se desató. National Geographic. https://www.nationalgeographicla.com/historia/2023/09/que-fue-la-guerra-de-vietnam-y-por-que-se-desato

# data[].attributes.body
Global Issues:

As water levels rise due to global warming, it threatens farmland and freshwater resources, especially in the Mekong Delta region.

Hai, D. (June 24, 2024). Unravelling the economic impact of climate change in Vietnam's Mekong River Delta and Southeast region. Springer. https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s43621-024-00323-1?

# data[].attributes.body
Global Issues:

Because of the recent economic war between China and the U.S., Vietnam has tried to remain neutral; however, due to its neutral approach, it has been punished by the Trump administration, punishing a 46% tariff on Vietnam, and rising tensions because of the visit of China's president Xi Jinping to Hanói.

Viner, K. (April 17, 2025). Re-arm, reassure, and spend big: how the Asia Pacific is responding to a new era under Trump. The Guardian. https://www.theguardian.com/us-news/2025/apr/17/asia-pacific-trump-response-china?

# data[].attributes.location_name
Palacio Presidencial, Hùng Vương, Ngọc Hà, Ba Đình, Hanói, Vietnam

# data[].attributes.body
The official and national language of Vietnam is Vietnamese, which is the primary language. The country is also home to 54 officially recognized ethnic groups, many of which speak their languages. Some of these languages are: Tày, Nùng, Khmer, and Muong. One important foreign language is English, which is also widely spoken, particularly in urban areas and among younger generations, due to its use in tourism, business, and education. Some greetings used in Vietnam are:

- Xin chào (Sin chow) – Hello

- Cảm ơn (Gam on) – Thank you

-Cho tôi hỏi (Cho toy hoi) – Excuse me/May I ask

-Vui Lòng  (Voo Laow) -Please

-Da (yah)-Yes

-Không (comb)-No

-Cho tôi nước, vui lòng (toy nook, voo-y lawng)-Water please

-Cái này giá bao nhiêu? (kai nay zah bow nee-yuh)- How much is this?

Cillers, L. (February 6, 2024). 24 Basic Vietnamese Words and Phrases for Your Next Vacation to Vietnam. GrasshopperAdventures. https://www.grasshopperadventures.com/article/basic-vietnamese-phrases/

EC Innovations. (January 31, 2025). What Are the Most Spoken Languages in Vietnam?. https://www.ecinnovations.com/blog/what-are-the-most-spoken-languages-in-vietnam/

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.title
What Are the Most Spoken Languages in Vietnam?

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.description
Have you ever wondered what languages are spoken in Vietnam? The country’s unique history has resulted in a diverse linguistic landscape that reflects its multicultural ethos.

# data[].attributes.location_name
Tổng cục Thống kê, Đường Nguyễn Chí Thanh, Láng Thượng, Đống Đa, Hanoi, Vietnam

# data[].attributes.body
Vietnam is a Southeast Asian country located on the eastern edge of the Indochinese Peninsula. It shares borders with China to the north, Laos and Cambodia to the west, and is bounded by the South China Sea to the east and south. The country has a long and narrow S-shaped territory that stretches over 3,000 kilometers of coastline. Its capital is Hanoi, located in the northern part of the country, while Ho Chi Minh City (formerly Saigon) is the largest and most populous city, situated in the south.

As of 2025, Vietnam has an estimated population of approximately 99 million people, making it one of the most populous countries in the world. The population is diverse, with the majority being ethnic Vietnamese (Kinh), alongside various ethnic minority groups such as the Tay, Hmong, and Khmer. Vietnam has experienced rapid urbanization and economic growth in recent decades, contributing to its rising population density, especially in major cities and industrial zones.

References:

Jamieson, L, N., Hickey, C, G., Turley, S, W., Buttinger, Joseph, Duiker, J, W., Osborne, & Edgeworth, M. (2025, April 18). Vietnam | History, Population, Map, Flag, Government, & Facts. Encyclopedia Britannica. https://www.britannica.com/place/Vietnam

# data[].attributes.location_name
Chùa Hương - Du lịch Chùa Hương, ĐT74, làng Yến, Hương Sơn, Mỹ Đức, Hanoi, Vietnam

# data[].attributes.body
Da Nang International Fireworks Festival

Held every summer along the Han River, the Da Nang International Fireworks Festival (DIFF) features spectacular fireworks shows from teams around the world. The city becomes a hub of color, with musical performances, food fairs, and street parades. While this festival focuses more on performance and light, many attendees wear festive or traditional outfits, especially during the opening and closing ceremonies, where cultural pride is on display.

References: Vietnam Plus. (2025, May 31). Da Nang International Fireworks Festival 2025 kicks off with series of exciting events. Vietnam Plus. https://en.vietnamplus.vn/da-nang-international-fireworks-festival-2025-kicks-off-with-series-of-exciting-events-post308131.vnp

# data[].attributes.location_name
Central Vietnam Motorbike Tours, Hoàng Quốc Việt, An Đông, Huế, Thua Thien Hue, Vietnam

# data[].attributes.body
Huế Festival

The Huế Festival is a major cultural event held every two years in the historic city of Huế, the former imperial capital of Vietnam. It showcases the art, music, fashion, and rituals of the Nguyễn Dynasty. The city transforms into a stage with royal parades, traditional opera, áo dài fashion shows, and folk games. Events are held at the Imperial Citadel, ancient temples, and along the Perfume River. It’s a perfect place to witness people wearing royal-style traditional garments in a setting full of history and elegance.

References: Mekong Tourism. (2025). Huế Festival Vietnam. Mekong Tourism. https://mekongtourism.org/events/hue-festival-viet-nam/

# data[].attributes.location_name
Tay Nguyen Regional General Hospital, Trần Quý Cáp, Tự An, Buon Ma Thuot, Dak Lak, Vietnam

# data[].attributes.body
Gong Culture Festival

In the Tây Nguyên region, which includes provinces like Đắk Lắk, Gia Lai, and Lâm Đồng, the Gong Culture Festival celebrates the unique traditions of the ethnic groups of the Central Highlands. Recognized by UNESCO as an Intangible Cultural Heritage, this festival features ritual dances, gong orchestras, and traditional clothing. Participants wear colorful handwoven costumes, often decorated with beads and patterns that represent tribal identity. The atmosphere is spiritual, vibrant, and deeply connected to nature and ancestral worship.

References: The Space of gong culture in Central Highlands. (n.d.). https://www.vivutravel.com/vietnam-travel-destinations/world-heritages-in-vietnam/intangible-cultural-heritage-forms/the-space-of-gong-culture-in-central-highlands

# data[].attributes.body
Phở, Vietnam’s national dish, is a culinary delight that has captivated palates worldwide. This fragrant soup, with its savory broth and tender slices of meat, offers a gastronomic experience that is both comforting and invigorating. The origins of phở are as intriguing as its flavors, believed to have emerged in northern Vietnam in the early 20th century. It is likely influenced by both Chinese and French culinary techniques, reflecting Vietnam’s complex history and cultural fusion. Over time, phở spread throughout the country, particularly after the migration of people from the north to the south, and various regional variations emerged. Today, phở is not only the most beloved dish in Vietnam but can be found globally, from high-end restaurants in New York to street vendors in Melbourne, each offering its unique take on this classic Vietnamese meal.

Ingredients
For the broth:
– 2 kg of beef bones
– 1 onion, halved
– 4 cloves of garlic
– 5 star anises
– 1 cinnamon stick
– 3 cloves
– 2 cardamom pods
– Salt to taste

For the bowl:
– 500 g of flat rice noodles (bánh phở)
– 500 g of beef sirloin, thinly sliced

Toppings:
– Fresh basil leaves
– Fresh cilantro leaves
– Bean sprouts
– Lime wedges
– Sliced chilies

References: Keliher, I. (2023, October 6). Phở: Datos fascinantes sobre el plato nacional de Vietnam. Sin Fronteras. https://blog.remitly.com/es/cultura-y-estilo-de-vida/platosnacional-hechos-de-pho-en-vietnam/