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Over the course of its evolution, Nokia’s top managers stayed focused on the external business environment and were willing to make the hard decisions—regardless of how risky or uncertain they seemed at the time—to stay competitive, even if it meant the organization had to change industries and retrain its workforce.

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Fayol recognized that management is fundamentally a process involving people. He saw that work could be managed more efficiently and smoothly by supporting the workers doing the tasks.

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The Sarbanes-Oxley Act (SOX) was enacted as a reaction to the number of ethical lapses of global companies and accounting scandals, including those affecting Enron, Arthur Anderson, Tyco International, Adelphia, Peregrine Systems, and WorldCom. These scandals cost investors billions of dollars.

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In About a Minute: What Is The Sarbanes-Oxley Act?

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“If you get the culture right, most of the other stuff will just take care of itself”
—Tony Hsieh, CEO, Zappos.com.

Culture and Diversity matter in the workplace and Zappos is an excellent company that shows diversity.

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Peter Drucker, the famed management expert, observed:“Management is deeply embedded in culture. What managers do in Germany, in the United Kingdom, in the United States, in Japan, or in Brazil is exactly the same. How they do it may be quite different.” 

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Understanding cultural differences is particularly important for managers, because managers must understand their employees to motivate and lead them. Geert Hofstede, a Dutch management researcher, conducted a multiyear, multicountry study to identify ways to describe differences in national cultures.

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Decision making in group settings is quite common because most businesses recognize the potential benefits of group collaboration in the process. In that group setting, the same basic decision-making process can be followed, the same decision-making styles might be favored, and many of the same techniques and biases can still be identified.

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Planning is an extremely important part in any business. Plans can direct everyone’s actions toward desired outcomes. When actions are coordinated and focused on specific outcomes they are much more effective.

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Over the last several decades, team-based structures of some variation have become common in almost every industry. Lockheed Martin Aircraft Corporation started its “Skunk Works” project in 1943 in response to the U.S. Army’s need for a jet fighter

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Edgar Schein, a prominent organizational psychologist, identified four key elements of an organization’s structure: common purpose, coordinated effort, division of labor, and hierarchy of authority.

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Managing employee conflicts and legal issues is only part of HR’s function. In fact, HR is a key department in any company, and it is responsible for many areas. including Training and Development, Compensation, and safety and health.

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Business communication is the transmission and exchange of information between people in an organization to facilitate business activities. Business communication encompasses marketing, brand management, customer relations, consumer behavior, advertising, public relations, corporate communication, community engagement, reputation management, interpersonal communication, employee engagement, and event management

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Leadership is one of the most important concepts in management, and many researchers have proposed theories and frameworks for understanding it. Some have distinguished various types of leadership, such as charismatic, heroic, and transformational leadership

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Employee motivation is important in the workplace. Employee motivation is of great concern to any organization and it is one of the most frequently researched topics in management. One reason for this is that only about 33 percent of US employees are engaged and thriving in their work.

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A company’s standards define its practices, while its objectives define what actions the company needs to take. Organizational standards and objectives are important elements in any business plan because they guide managerial decision-making.A company’s standards define how it should act, while its objectives determine what actions it will take.

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Gantt charts display the duration of steps in a project and are used by project managers to track the time and sequence of each step. A Gantt chart is a type of bar chart developed by Henry Gantt to illustrate a project schedule. Gantt charts show the start and finish dates of the terminal and summary elements of a project.