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In this Padlet, I will review Malaysia's history, culture, and geography.

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Malaysia's history can be broadly divided into pre-colonial, colonial, and post-colonial periods. Early civilizations, trade, and subsequent colonial rule shape the country's rich heritage before achieving independence.

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Malaysia has been directly involved in several conflicts, including the Malayan Emergency, the Indonesia-Malaysia confrontation, the Sarawak Communist Insurgency, the Second Malayan Emergency, and the Cold War. Additionally, Malaysia has participated in various peacekeeping operations under the UN.

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The Malayan Emergency/British National Liberation War

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The Malayan Emergency/British National Liberation War

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The Malayan Emergency, also known as the Anti-British National Liberation War, was a 12-year conflict (1948-1960) in Malaya (now part of Malaysia and Singapore). It pitted the British and Commonwealth forces against communist insurgents, primarily the Malayan National Liberation Army (MNLA), the military wing of the Communist Party of Malaya (CPM). The war was fought in a mostly jungle terrain, with the communists aiming for an independent Malaya and a communist state, while the British and Commonwealth forces sought to maintain their colonial influence and counter communism.

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Malaysia is a multicultural society, with influences from indigenous groups, Malays, Chinese, and Indians, as well as other cultures like Arabic, Persian, and British. The dominant religion is Islam, which strongly emphasizes family values and respect for elders. Malaysians generally avoid confrontation and value harmony, often using body language and facial expressions to convey their thoughts.

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Malaysia | Everyone's Welcome in this Multi Cultural Country

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In Malaysia, the primary religions are Islam, Buddhism, Christianity, and Hinduism. The most recent census data indicated that Islam is the dominant religion, followed by Buddhism, Christianity, and Hinduism. The constitution recognised Islam as the religion of the Federation while also guaranteeing freedom of religion.

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Malaysia's geography is characterized by two distinct regions: Peninsular Malaysia (also known as West Malaysia) and East Malaysia, which comprises the northern part of Borneo. Peninsular Malaysia, located on the Malay Peninsula, is characterized by coastal plains and mountain ranges, while East Malaysia features a broad coastal plain that gradually rises to jungle-covered hills in the interior.

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The Malayan Emergency (1948-60) was one of the few successful counter-insurgency operations undertaken by the Western powers during the Cold War. It saw British and Commonwealth forces defeat a communist revolt in Malaya.

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Congo Crisis, the Confrontation with Malaysia

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Congo Crisis, the Confrontation with Malaysia

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The Congo Crisis (1960-1965) and the Indonesia–Malaysia Confrontation (1963-1966) were separate conflicts with different contexts. The Congo Crisis was a period of political and military turmoil in the newly independent Republic of the Congo, involving internal factions and foreign intervention, while the Indonesia–Malaysia Confrontation was an armed conflict between Indonesia and Malaysia stemming from Indonesia's opposition to the formation of the Malaysian state.

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Malaysia has a tropical climate characterized by consistently high temperatures and humidity year-round. The average annual temperature is around 25.4°C (77.7°F). Temperatures fluctuate between 21°C and 32°C (70°F and 90°F). The country experiences both wet and dry seasons, with the line between them often blurred. Malaysia is situated near the equator, leading to a humid and tropical climate.

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The population of Malaysia has grown significantly throughout its history, influenced by factors like migration, trade, and colonial rule. The first census in 1970 recorded a population of 10.4 million, which increased to an estimated 34.1 million in 2024. This growth is attributed to both natural increase (births exceeding deaths) and substantial net migration, particularly during the early 20th century.

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Malaysia is a significant trading nation, with exports and imports playing a vital role in its economy. In 2022, Malaysia's total exports were worth US$352.19 billion, and total imports were US$293.94 billion, resulting in a positive trade balance. Key export categories include electrical and electronic products, refined petroleum, palm oil, and machinery. Major import categories include electrical and electronic products, oil and mineral fuels, and industrial machinery.

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Malaysia is a country of diverse physical features, including mountains, rivers, and coastal areas. The main mountain ranges are the Titiwangsa Mountains in Peninsular Malaysia and the Crocker Range and Trusmadi Range in East Malaysia. The highest peak, Mount Kinabalu, is located in East Malaysia. Major rivers include the Pahang River in Peninsular Malaysia and the Rajang River in East Malaysia. Coastal areas include the Straits of Malacca to the west of Peninsular Malaysia and the South China Sea and Celebes Sea in the east.

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Malaysian culture is a vibrant mix of Malay, Chinese, Indian, and indigenous influences, reflected in its art, music, and food. Traditional Malaysian art includes carving, silversmithing, and weaving, while music incorporates genres like gamelan and traditional dance forms. Malaysian cuisine is a diverse blend of flavors, with dishes like Nasi Lemak, Roti Canai, and Cendol being particularly popular.

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In Malaysia, Bahasa Melayu (Malay) is the official language, while English is widely spoken and used for education. Other major languages include Mandarin, Tamil, and various indigenous languages.

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Malaysia is a multicultural country with a variety of holidays and traditions. Key holidays include Chinese New Year, Hari Raya Puasa (Eid al-Fitr), Hari Raya Haji (Eid al-Adha), Deepavali, Wesak Day, and Christmas. Many of these holidays are celebrated with "open houses," where people invite friends and family to share food and festivities.